Receptor-like kinases (RLKs) play essential roles in plant growth, development and responses to environmental stresses. A putative RLK gene, OsSIK1, with extracellular leucine-rich repeats was cloned characterized rice (Oryza sativa). OsSIK1 exhibits kinase activity the presence of Mn2+, domain has ability autophosphorylate phosphorylate myelin basic protein (MBP). promoter-GUS analysis revealed that is expressed mainly stem spikelet rice. The expression induced by salt, drought H2O2...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) suppress the transcriptional and post-transcriptional expression of genes in plants. Several miRNA families target encoding nucleotide-binding site–leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR) plant innate immune receptors. The fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici causes vascular wilt disease tomato. We explored a role for miRNAs tomato defense against F. using comparative profiling susceptible (Moneymaker) resistant (Motelle) cultivars. slmiR482f slmiR5300 were repressed during...

Although it is well known that miRNAs play crucial roles in multiple biological processes, there currently no evidence indicating milRNAs from Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) interfere with tomato resistance during infection. Here, using sRNA-seq, we demonstrate Fol-milR1, a trans-kingdom small RNA, exported into cells after The knockout strain ∆Fol-milR1 displays attenuated pathogenicity to the susceptible cultivar 'Moneymaker'. On other hand, Fol-milR1 overexpression strains...

Abstract The Fusarium oxysporum species complex (FOSC), comprising a multitude of soil borne fungal pathogens, represent major group plant invaders that cause vascular wilt diseases crops worldwide. Although sexual reproduction is nebulous in the FOSC, horizontal gene transfer (also well known as trans-kingdom) may contribute to observed diversity pathogenic strains. Concerning safety and costly process generating genetically modified crops, plant-disease management strategy not reliant on...

Tocopherols synthesized exclusively by photosynthetic organisms are major antioxidants in biomembranes. In plants, tocopherol cyclase (TC/VTE1) catalyzes the conversion of 2,3-dimethyl-5-phytyl-1,4-benzoquinone (DMPBQ) to γ-tocopherol. present study, OsVTE1, which encodes a rice ortholog, was cloned and characterized. OsVTE1 induced significantly abiotic stresses such as high salt, H(2)O(2), drought, cold plant hormones ABA salicylic acid. The tissue-specific expression pattern...

Here we characterize the relationship between PRE-2 pheromone receptor and its ligand, CCG-4, general requirements for receptors, pheromones, G proteins, mating type genes during fusion of opposite mating-type cells sexual sporulation in multicellular fungus Neurospora crassa. is highly expressed mat a localized male female reproductive structures. Δpre-2 females do not respond chemotropically to A males (conidia) or form mature fruiting bodies (perithecia) meiotic progeny (ascospores)....

Tomato is cultivated worldwide as a nutrient-rich vegetable crop. wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. Lycopersici ( Fol ) one of the most serious fungal diseases posing threats to tomato production. Recently, development Spray-Induced Gene Silencing (SIGS) directs novel plant management generating an efficient and environmental friendly biocontrol agent. Here, we characterized that FolRDR1 (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 1) mediated pathogen invasion host tomato, played essential...

Aqua zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have been the focus of secondary rechargeable battery research due to their high theoretical specific capacity, safety, and environmental friendliness. However, an ideal cathode material remains...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of conserved small RNA with length 21-24 nucleotides in eukaryotes, which involved development and defense responses against biotic abiotic stresses. By RNA-seq, Osa-miR444b.2 was identified to be induced after Rhizoctonia solani (R. solani) infection. In order clarify the function responding R. infection rice, transgenic lines over-expressing knocking out were generated background susceptible cultivar Xu3 resistant YSBR1, respectively. Over-expressing resulted...

Heart failure and arrhythmias occur at 3 to 5 times higher rates among individuals with diabetes mellitus, compared age-matched, healthy individuals. Studies attribute these defects in part alterations the function of cardiac type 2 ryanodine receptors (RyR2s), principal Ca²⁺-release channels on internal sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). To date, mechanisms underlying RyR2 dysregulation remain poorly defined. A rat model 1 diabetes, combination echocardiography, vivo ex hemodynamic...

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici, a necrotrophic pathogen, is causal agent of tomato wilt disease. Plants have two major sophisticated innate immune systems, Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI) and Effector-Triggered Immunity (ETI), to perceive resist pathogen offences (Jones Dangl, 2006). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) contribute PTI ETI by fine-tuning plant hormones and/or silencing the genes involved in virulence regulating expression target genes, thereby...

Abstract Cross-kingdom or cross-species RNA interference (RNAi) is broadly present in many interacting systems between microbes/parasites and their plant animal hosts. A recent study by Qin et al . (2022) performed correlation analysis using global sRNA- mRNA-deep sequencing data of cultured B. cinerea -infected tomato leaves claimed that cross-kingdom RNAi may not occur –tomato interaction (Qin ., 2022). Here, we use experimental evidence additional bioinformatics the datasets produced to...

The vast majority of plant disease resistance (R) genes encode nucleotide binding site–leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) proteins, which specifically determine the immune response and have been demonstrated to be targets several microRNA (miRNA) families. fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) causes vascular wilt in tomato worldwide. Here, we explored a possible role for FGR3 defense against FOL. FRG3 is predicted NBS-LRR like gene that targeted by slmiR482e-3p, member slmiR482...

Abstract The filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa is a long-studied eukaryotic microbial system amenable to heterologous expression of native and foreign proteins. However, relatively few highly tunable promoters have been developed for this species. In study, we compare the tcu-1 nit-6 controlled GFP reporter gene in N. crassa. Although copper-regulated has previously characterized, first investigation exploring nitrogen-controlled genes We determined that fragments corresponding 1.5-kb...

Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) are conserved in fungi, plants and animals. The Vam7 gene encodes a v-SNARE that involved vesicle trafficking fungi. Here, we identified characterized the function of FolVam7, homologue yeast SNARE Vam7p Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol), fungal pathogen tomato. FolVam7 contains PX (Phox homology) domains indispensable for normal localization FolVam7. Targeted deletion showed FolVam7-mediated is...

Tomato wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) is a worldwide destructive of tomato. As exploring gene expression and function approaches constitute an initial point for investigating pathogen-host interaction, we performed RNA-seq sRNA-seq analysis to investigate the transcriptome tomato root under FOL infection. Differentially expressed (DE) protein-coding miRNA profiles upon inoculation with were presented at twenty-four hours post-inoculation in four...

The soil-borne, asexual fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (Fol) is the causal agent of tomato wilt disease. Autophagy plays a crucial role in development and virulence Fol. Fol endosomal system highly dynamic has been shown to be associated with conidiogenesis pathogenicity. Rab GTPases regulators are conserved regulating autophagy endocytosis most eukaryotes. Identification characterization additional fungal pathogens should facilitate understanding different filamentous fungi....

ABASTRCAT Tomato Fusarium wilt caused by oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) is a destructive disease of tomato worldwide which causes severe yield loss the crops. As exploring gene expression and function approaches constitute an initial point for investigating pathogen-host interaction, we performed transcriptional analysis to unravel regulated genes in infected FOL. Differentially expressed (DEG) upon inoculation with FOL were presented at twenty-four hours post-inoculation including four...

Receptor for Activated C Kinase-1 (RACK1) is a multifunctional eukaryotic scaffolding protein with seven WD repeat structure. Among their many cellular roles, RACK1 homologs have been shown to serve as alternative Gβ subunits during heterotrimeric G signaling in systems. We investigated genetic interactions between the homolog cpc-2, previously characterized subunit gnb-1 and other components multicellular filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa. Results from cell fractionation studies...