A5070606892- Virology and Viral Diseases
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Respiratory viral infections research
- interferon and immune responses
- Virus-based gene therapy research
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Vector-Borne Animal Diseases
- Chemokine receptors and signaling
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Galectins and Cancer Biology
- CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
- Rabies epidemiology and control
- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Plant Virus Research Studies
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
2016-2025
Emory University
2025
University of California, San Diego
2024
University of California, Los Angeles
2008-2022
New York Audio Productions (United States)
2022
University of Regensburg
2022
Freie Universität Berlin
2022
South Dakota State University
2022
Chemical Synthesis Lab
2022
University of Bonn
2022
CCR5 and CXCR4 are the major HIV-1 coreceptors for R5 X4 strains, respectively, a threshold number of CD4 chemokine receptor molecules is required to support virus infection. Therefore, we used quantitative fluorescence-activated cell sorting assay determine CD4, CCR5, antibody-binding sites (ABS) on various T lines, subsets, peripheral blood dendritic cells (PBDC), monocyte-derived macrophages by using four-color analysis fresh whole blood. Receptor levels varied dramatically among subsets...
DC-SIGN is a C-type lectin, highly expressed on the surface of immature dendritic cells (DCs), that mediates efficient infection T in trans by its ability to bind HIV-1, HIV-2, and SIV. In addition, adhesion molecules surfaces naïve endothelium also suggests involvement T-cell activation DC trafficking. To gain further insights into range expression potential functions DC-SIGN, we performed detailed analysis adult fetal tissues analyzed regulated cultured DCs macrophages. First, show...
The family Pneumoviridae comprises large enveloped negative-sense RNA viruses. This taxon was formerly a subfamily within the Paramyxoviridae, but reclassified in 2016 as with two genera, Orthopneumovirus and Metapneumovirus. Pneumoviruses infect range of mammalian species, while some members Metapneumovirus genus may also birds. Some viruses are specific pathogenic for humans, such human respiratory syncytial virus metapneumovirus. There no known vectors pneumoviruses transmission is...
The family Paramyxoviridae consists of large enveloped RNA viruses infecting mammals, birds, reptiles and fish. Many paramyxoviruses are host-specific several, such as measles virus, mumps Nipah Hendra virus several parainfluenza viruses, pathogenic for humans. transmission is horizontal, mainly through airborne routes; no vectors known. This a summary the current International Committee on Taxonomy Viruses (ICTV) Report Paramyxoviridae. which available at ictv.global/report/paramyxoviridae.
The genome of SARS-CoV-2 encodes two viral proteases (NSP3/papain-like protease and NSP5/3C-like protease) that are responsible for cleaving polyproteins during replication. Here, we discovered new functions the NSP3 NSP5 SARS-CoV-2, demonstrating they could directly cleave proteins involved in host innate immune response. We identified 3 were specifically selectively cleaved by or NSP5: IRF-3, NLRP12 TAB1, respectively. Direct cleavage IRF3 explain blunted Type-I IFN response seen...
Interaction of cell surface glycoproteins with endogenous lectins on the regulates formation and maintenance plasma membrane domains, clusters signaling complexes, controls residency time membrane. Galectin-9 is a soluble, secreted lectin that binds to glycoprotein receptors form galectin-glycoprotein lattices surface. Whereas galectin-9 binding specific induces death CD4 Th1 cells, Th2 cells are resistant due alternative glycosylation. On protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), increasing...
Abstract SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in a global pandemic and shutdown economies around the world. Sequence analysis indicates that novel coronavirus (CoV) an insertion of furin cleavage site (PRRAR) its spike protein. Absent other group 2B CoVs, may be key factor replication virulence SARS-CoV-2. To explore this question, we generated mutant lacking (ΔPRRA) This virus replicated with faster kinetics improved fitness Vero E6 cells. The also had reduced protein processing as compared to wild-type...
Abstract ISG15 is an interferon (IFN)-α/β-induced ubiquitin-like protein. It exists as a free molecule, intracellularly and extracellularly, conjugated to target proteins. Studies in mice have demonstrated role for Isg15 antiviral immunity. By contrast, human was shown critical immune functions, but not Namely, extracellular crucial IFN-γ-dependent antimycobacterial immunity, while intracellular USP18-mediated downregulation of IFN-α/β signalling. Here we describe -deficient patients who...
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein (S) plays critical roles in host cell entry. Non-synonymous substitutions affecting S are not uncommon and have become fixed a number of SARS-CoV-2 lineages. A subset such mutations enable escape from neutralizing antibodies or thought to enhance transmission through mechanisms as increased affinity for the entry receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2). Independent genomic surveillance programs based New...
Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected at least 180 million people since its identification as the cause of current COVID-19 pandemic. The rapid pace vaccine development resulted in multiple vaccines already use worldwide. contemporaneous emergence SARS-CoV-2 ‘variants concern’ (VOC) across diverse geographic locales underscores need to monitor efficacy being administered globally. All WHO designated VOC carry spike (S) polymorphisms thought enable...
The chemokine receptor CCR5 is the major coreceptor for R5 human immunodeficiency virus type-1 strains. We mapped epitope specificities of 18 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to identify domains required binding, gp120 and inducing conformational changes in Env that lead membrane fusion. identified mAbs bound N-terminal epitopes, extracellular loop 2 (ECL2) multidomain (MD) epitopes composed more than one single domain. recognized specific residues span first 13 amino acids CCR5, while nearly...
DC-SIGN, a C-type lectin expressed on the surface of dendritic cells (DCs), efficiently binds and transmits HIVs simian immunodeficiency viruses to susceptible in trans. A DC-SIGN homologue, termed DC-SIGNR, has recently been described. Herein we show that like can bind multiple strains HIV-1, HIV-2, virus transmit these both T cell lines human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Binding DC-SIGNR was dependent carbohydrate recognition. Immunostaining with DC-SIGNR-specific antiserum showed...
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) requires both CD4 and a coreceptor to infect cells. Macrophage-tropic (M-tropic) HIV-1 strains utilize the chemokine receptor CCR5 in conjunction with cells, while T-cell-tropic (T-tropic) generally CXCR4 as coreceptor. Some viruses can use for entry (i.e., are dual-tropic), other receptors be used by subset of strains. Due genetic diversity HIV-1, HIV-2, simian (SIV) potential than or influence viral pathogenesis, we tested panel 28 SIV envelope...
ABSTRACT Microglia are the main human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reservoir in central nervous system and most likely play a major role development of HIV dementia (HIVD). To characterize adult microglial chemokine receptors, we analyzed expression calcium signaling CCR5, CCR3, CXCR4 their roles entry. expressed higher levels CCR5 than either CCR3 or CXCR4. Of these three only were able to transduce signal microglia response respective ligands, MIP-1β SDF-1α, as recorded by single-cell flux...
EphrinB2 was recently discovered as a functional receptor for Nipah virus (NiV), lethal emerging paramyxovirus. Ephrins constitute class of homologous ligands the Eph tyrosine kinases and exhibit overlapping expression patterns. Thus, we examined whether other ephrins might serve alternative receptors NiV. Here, show that all known (ephrinA1-A5 ephrinB1-B3), only soluble Fc-fusion proteins ephrinB3, in addition to ephrinB2, bound NiV attachment protein G (NiV-G). Soluble NiV-G cell surface...