A5035707098- Rabies epidemiology and control
- Microbial infections and disease research
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Poxvirus research and outbreaks
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- Streptococcal Infections and Treatments
- Yersinia bacterium, plague, ectoparasites research
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
- Zoonotic diseases and public health
- Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research
- Bat Biology and Ecology Studies
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Plant Virus Research Studies
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Fire effects on ecosystems
- Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Insect symbiosis and bacterial influences
- Plant and Fungal Interactions Research
Animal and Plant Health Agency
2015-2024
University of Surrey
2022-2024
Inserm
2017
Institut de Recherche pour le Développement
2017
École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique
2017
Méditerranée Infection Foundation
2017
Aix-Marseille Université
2017
University of Liverpool
2016
University of Peradeniya
2016
The Pirbright Institute
2003-2014
Abstract The epidemiological situation of SARS-CoV-2 in humans and animals is continually evolving. To date, animal species known to transmit are American mink, raccoon dog, cat, ferret, hamster, house mouse, Egyptian fruit bat, deer mouse white-tailed deer. Among farmed animals, mink have the highest likelihood become infected from or further SARS-CoV-2. In EU, 44 outbreaks were reported 2021 farms seven MSs, while only six 2022 two thus representing a decreasing trend. introduction into...
Abstract Background With the advent of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies, ability to generate large amounts sequence data has revolutionized genomics field. Most RNA viruses have relatively small genomes in comparison other organisms and as such, would appear be an obvious success story for use NGS technologies. However, due low abundance viral relation host RNA, proved difficult using Here we detail a simple, robust methodology, without ultra-centrifugation, filtration or...
The diagnosis of rabies is routinely based on clinical and epidemiological information, especially when exposures are reported in rabies-endemic countries. Diagnostic tests using conventional assays that appear to be negative, even undertaken late the disease despite diagnosis, have a tendency, at times, unreliable. These rarely optimal entirely dependent nature quality sample supplied. In course past three decades, application molecular biology has aided development result more rapid...
Evidence in support of a novel lyssavirus was obtained from brain samples an African civet Tanzania. Results phylogenetic analysis nucleoprotein gene sequences representative Lyssavirus species and this provided strong empirical evidence that is new species, designated Ikoma lyssavirus.
A novel lyssavirus was isolated from brains of Indian flying foxes (Pteropus medius) in Sri Lanka. Phylogenetic analysis complete virus genome sequences, and geographic location host species, provides strong evidence that this is a putative new designated as Gannoruwa bat lyssavirus.
ABSTRACT Several reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) methods have been reported for the detection of rabies and rabies-related viruses. These invariably involve multiple transfers nucleic acids between different tubes, with risk contamination leading to production false-positive results. Here we describe a single, closed-tube, nonnested RT-PCR TaqMan technology that distinguishes classical virus (genotype 1) European bat lyssaviruses 1 2 (genotypes 5 6) in real time. The assay is rapid,...
Cross-neutralization between rabies virus (RABV) and two European bat lyssaviruses (EBLV-1 -2) was analysed using lentiviral pseudotypes as antigen vectors. Glycoprotein (G-protein) cDNA from RABV challenge standard-11 (CVS-11) EBLV-1 -2 were cloned co-expressed with human immunodeficiency (HIV) or murine leukemia (MLV) gag-pol packageable green fluorescent protein (GFP) luciferase reporter genes in cells. The harvested vector infected over 40% of baby hamster kidney (BHK) target cells,...
We report the first full-length genomic sequences for European bat lyssavirus type-1 (EBLV-1) and type-2 (EBLV-2). The EBLV-1 sequence was derived from a virus isolated serotine in Hamburg, Germany, 1968 EBLV-2 isolate human case of rabies that occurred Scotland 2002. A long-distance PCR strategy used to amplify open reading frames (ORFs), followed by standard modified RACE (rapid amplification cDNA ends) techniques 3' 5' ends. lengths each complete viral genome were 11 966 930 base pairs,...
ABSTRACT All lyssaviruses cause fatal encephalitis in mammals. There is sufficient antigenic variation within the genus to variable vaccine efficacy, but this difficult characterize quantitatively: sequence analysis cannot yet provide detailed information, and neutralization data have been refractory high-resolution robust interpretation. Here, we address these issues by using state-of-the-art analyses generate a map of global panel 25 lyssaviruses. We compared calculated distances with...
Rabies virus (RABV) is enzootic throughout most of the world. It now widely accepted that RABV had its origins in bats. Ten 11 Lyssavirus species recognised, including RABV, have been isolated from There is, however, a lack understanding regarding both ecology and host reservoirs Lyssaviruses. A real-time PCR assay for detection all Lyssaviruses using universal primers would be beneficial surveillance. was shown SYBR(®) Green, primer pair previously demonstrated to detect European bat 1 2,...
Abstract Landscape heterogeneity plays an important role in disease spread and persistence, but quantifying landscape influences their scale dependence is challenging. Studies have focused on how environmental features or global transport networks influence pathogen invasion spread, local transmission dynamics that underpin the persistence of endemic diseases remains unexplored. Bayesian phylogeographic frameworks incorporate spatial heterogeneities are promising tools for analysing linked...
Rabies virus kills tens of thousands people globally each year, especially in resource-limited countries. Yet, there are genetically- and antigenically-related lyssaviruses, all capable causing the disease rabies, circulating among bats without conspicuous outbreaks. The species richness greater genetic diversity African along with lack antibody cross-reactivity them, has led to hypothesis that Africa is origin lyssaviruses. This was tested using a probabilistic phylogeographical approach....
CD1 molecules play an important role in the immune system, presenting lipid-containing antigens to T and NKT cells. genes have long been thought be as ancient MHC class I II genes, based on various arguments, but thus far they described only mammals. Here we describe two chickens, demonstrating that system was present last common ancestor of mammals birds at least 300 million years ago. In phylogenetic analysis, these sequences cluster with from other species are not obviously like any...
Abstract Compared with the MHC of typical mammals, chicken (BF/BL region) B12 haplotype is smaller, simpler, and rearranged, two classical class I genes which only one highly expressed. In this study, we describe development long-distance PCR to amplify some or all each gene separately, allowing us make following points. First, six other haplotypes have same genomic organization as B12, a poorly expressed (minor) BF1 between DMB2 TAP2 well-expressed (major) BF2 C4. Second, expression...
Many of the pathogens perceived to pose greatest risk humans are viral zoonoses, responsible for a range emerging and endemic infectious diseases. Phylogeography is useful tool understand processes that give rise spatial patterns drive dynamics in virus populations. Increasingly, whole-genome information being used uncover these patterns, but limits phylogenetic resolution can be achieved with this unclear. Here, variation was fine-scale population structure canine rabies circulating...
Genetic sequences of a highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N8) virus in England have high homology to those detected mainland Europe and Asia during 2014. characterization suggests this is an avian-adapted without specific affinity for zoonoses. Spatio-temporal detections H5N8 imply role wild birds spread.
Carcases received for rabies diagnosis are occasionally decomposed due to delays in finding, submitting or storing them. Positive diagnostic results from such samples reliable but negative may be invalid. Previous studies assessed the effect of decomposition on detection using excised brains. To better reflect field, intact infected mouse carcases were stored at three temperatures up 70 days. The brains then removed and tested routine assays. Rabies virus was isolated Tissue Culture...
The Middle East is a culturally and politically diverse region at the gateway between Europe, Africa Asia. Spatial dynamics of fatal zoonotic disease rabies among countries surrounding regions poorly understood. An improved understanding virus distribution necessary to direct control methods. Previous studies have suggested regular trans-boundary movement, but been unable infer direction. Here we address these issues, by investigating evolution 183 isolates collected from over 20 1972 2014....
<ns4:p>Genomic surveillance is an important aspect of contemporary disease management but has yet to be used routinely monitor endemic transmission and control in low- middle-income countries. Rabies almost invariably fatal viral that causes a large public health economic burden Asia Africa, despite being entirely vaccine preventable. With policy efforts now directed towards achieving global goal zero dog-mediated human rabies deaths by 2030, establishing effective tools critical. Genomic...
Dog-mediated rabies is endemic across Africa causing thousands of human deaths annually. A One Health approach to advocated, comprising emergency post-exposure vaccination bite victims and mass dog break the transmission cycle. However, impacts cost-effectiveness these components are difficult disentangle. We combined contact tracing with whole-genome sequencing track in animal reservoir spillover risk humans from 2010 2020, investigating how a reduced disease burden eliminated Pemba Island,...
Abstract A 37‐year‐old woman was admitted to hospital and over the next 5 days developed a progressive encephalitis. Nuchal skin biopsy, analyzed using Rabies TaqMan© PCR, demonstrated rabies virus RNA. She had history in keeping with exposure whilst South Africa, but not received pre‐ or post‐exposure prophylaxis. treated therapeutic coma according “Milwaukee protocol,” which failed prevent death of patient. isolated from CSF saliva, antibody serum (from day 11 onwards) cerebrospinal fluid...