Three commercially available artificial bone substitutes with different compositions, hydroxyapatite (HAp; Neobone®), carbonate apatite (CO₃Ap; Cytrans®), and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP; Cerasorb®), were compared respect to their physical properties tissue response bone, using hybrid dogs. Both Neobone® (HAp) Cerasorb® (β-TCP) porous, whereas Cytrans® (CO₃Ap) was dense. Crystallite size specific surface area (SSA) of (HAp), (CO₃Ap), 75.4 ± 0.9 nm, 30.8 0.8 78.5 7.5 0.06 m²/g, 18.2 1.0...

Cases of intractable dental implant require vertical bone augmentation; however, the predicted height and volume are difficult to obtain. In augmentation, contact surface between scaffold is limited bottom face scaffold. Furthermore, strength decrease caused by resorption leads collapse augmented site, leading a in height.To promote ingrowth, we fabricated carbonate apatite (i.e., mineral) honeycomb (HC) scaffolds with uniaxial channels vertically penetrating controlled rate, eventually...

The aging population has rapidly driven the demand for bone regeneration. pore structure of a scaffold is critical factor that affects its mechanical strength and Triply periodic minimal surface gyroid structures similar to trabecular are considered superior strut-based lattice (e.g., grids) in terms However, at this stage, only hypothesis not supported by evidence. In study, we experimentally validated comparing grid scaffolds composed carbonate apatite. possessed compressive approximately...

The aging global population is generating an ever-increasing demand for bone regeneration. Various materials, including blocks, granules, and sponges, are developed However, blocks require troublesome shaping exhibit poor bone-defect conformities; granules migrate into the surrounding tissues during after filling of defect, causing handling difficulties complications; sponges contain polymers that subject to religious restrictions, lack osteoconductivity, may cause inflammation allergies....

We previously reported that of the various polyamidoamine (PAMAM) STARBURST dendrimer (generation 3, G3) (dendrimer) conjugates with cyclodextrins (CyDs), (G3) conjugate α-CyD having an average degree substitution 2.4 (α-CDE (G3)) has greatest potential for a novel carrier siRNA in vitro and vivo. To improve transfer activity lack target specificity α-CDE (G3), we prepared folate-polyethylene glycol (PEG)-appended α-CDEs (Fol-PαCs) degrees folate (DSF) evaluated their to receptor...

Material composition and porous structure are important factors in the formation maturation of newly formed bone replacement materials by new bone. Conventional graft often lack suitability for generation because complexity their macroporous structures, which can interfere with penetration cells related to remodeling angiogenesis materials. In present study, carbonate apatite (CO3Ap), hydroxyapatite (HAp), β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) honeycomb granules (HCGs) uniformly sized macropores...

The use of scaffolds with pores ranging from macroscale to nanoscale (i.e., multiscale pores), is an effective strategy achieve favorable bone regeneration. Here, we report the fabrication porous (MPSs) and evaluate effects macropores (>100 μm) micropores (<10 on regeneration in early medium term. MPSs were constructed interconnecting carbonate apatite honeycomb granules. uniaxial penetrating granules linked gaps among granules, creating interconnected macroporous architecture. different...

This study aimed to evaluate the bioactivity of poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) after surface modification by persistent photoconductive strontium titanate (SrTiO3) magnetron sputtering and ultraviolet (UV) C irradiation. According different modifications, PEEK specimens were randomly divided into five groups (n = 38/group): PEEK, Sr100-PEEK, Sr200-PEEK, UV/PEEK, UV/Sr200-PEEK. Then, Sr100-PEEK Sr200-PEEK were, respectively, coated with 100 200 nm thickness photocatalyst SrTiO3 on...

Implant-associated infections are threatening and devastating complications that lead to bone destruction loss. As a smooth surface is suitable for inhibiting bacterial adhesion, endowing antibacterial activity the Ti without any structural changes in topography an effective strategy preventing infection. The thin film on Ti-6Al-4V was functionalized endow by immersion Cu(OH)2 solution. resulting maintained with roughness of 0.03 μm even after Moreover, Cu detected at approximately 10 atom%...

Abstract This study was aimed to investigate the osseointegration ability of poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) implants with modified surface roughness and/or chemistry. The roughened prepared by a sandblast method, and phosphate groups on substrates were two-step chemical reaction. in vitro osteogenic activity rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) developed assessed measuring cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin expression, bone-like nodule formation. Surface roughening...

Abstract Hematopoietic stem cells form blood in bone marrow and reside niches. Artificial environments that conserve these niches may generate marrow. Osteogenesis, angiogenesis, material resorption must be regulated to create environments. These processes are controlled by composition macro‐ microporous structures. Here, three blocks with different micropore structures fabricated. Carbonate apatite has nearly the same as natural human their honeycomb structure facilitates cell penetration...

Carbonate apatite honeycomb scaffolds achieve barrier membrane-free guided bone regeneration that can resolve the current challenges in vertical augmentation.

Highlights•Gear-shaped carbonate apatite granules had six protrusions and a hexagonal macropore.•The formed vascular bone on the surface within structure was similar to cancellous structure.•The were gradually replaced with new bone.•Bone percentage rapidly recovered then maintained at normal level.AbstractSynthetic grafts are in high demand owing increased age-related disorders global aging population. Here, we report fabrication of gear-shaped (G-GRNs) for rapid healing. G-GRNs possessed...

Titanium alloy plates are often used for fixation to bone. However, the need be removed due infection and adverse inflammation. To avoid these problems, we immobilized copper, which has antibacterial effects low cytotoxicity, on titanium by immersing in copper-tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane complex solutions. The amount of copper surface was dependent tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane pH maximum about 20 atomic%, without any change morphological characteristics. obtained with exhibited...

A block-type of three-dimensional carbonate apatite bone graft (3D-CO3Ap) is demanded for applying large defects. Although we fabricated the 3D-CO3Ap with high mechanical strength by fusing polymer-bound spherical precursor, optimized condition has not yet been found. In this study, indicated controlling granular packing ratio (i.e., different compression ratios mold volume from 100% to 140%). was obtained in 110% 130%, even though block collapsed and complete conversion CO3Ap achieved 140%....

Poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) has emerged as a candidate to replace metal implants because of its satisfactory mechanical properties, radiolucency, and lack allergy. However, PEEK lacks osseointegration ability limiting clinical applications. To overcome this problem, we prepared with micro-rough surface using the sandblast method modulate property; is simple, cost-effective, already applied implants. The roughness sandblasted was about 2.3 μm, whereas that mirror-polished 0.06 μm. Rat...

Abstract Porous architecture in bone substitutes, notably the interconnectivity of pores, is a critical factor for ingrowth. However, controlling pore while maintaining microarchitecture has not yet been achieved using conventional methods, such as sintering. Herein, we fabricated porous block crystal growth calcium sulfate dihydrate, and controlled by limiting region growth. The dihydrate blocks were transformed to apatite, carbonate apatite (CO3Ap) through dissolution–precipitation...

Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation is used to treat blood and immunodeficient diseases. HSC expansion techniques must be developed prevent complications ensure reliable therapeutic efficacy. Hence, several studies have attempted in vitro of HSCs using scaffolds but failed mimic the diverse complex nature environments. Herein, an artificial microenvironment, bone marrow (BM) niches created, through vivo engineering carbonate apatite honeycomb potential these restoring lost...

Bone regeneration using synthetic materials has a high rate of surgical site infection, resulting in severe pain for patients and often requiring revision surgery. We propose Ag