Brain microbleeds on gradient-recalled echo (GRE) T2*-weighted MRI may be a useful biomarker for bleeding-prone small vessel diseases, with potential relevance diagnosis, prognosis (especially antithrombotic-related bleeding risk), and understanding mechanisms of symptoms, including cognitive impairment. To address these questions, it is necessary to reliably measure their presence distribution in the brain. We designed systematically validated Microbleed Anatomical Rating Scale (MARS)....

The relative importance of Lewy- and Alzheimer-type pathologies to dementia in Parkinson's disease remains unclear. We have examined the combined associations α-synuclein, tau amyloid-β accumulation 56 pathologically confirmed cases, 29 whom had developed dementia. Cortical subcortical scores were obtained, while α-synuclein rated according respective Braak stages. Additionally, cortical Lewy body neurite determined densities generated using morphometry. Non-parametric statistics, together...

Psychotic persons who are violent often explain their violence as being due to delusions. However, research has failed confirm associations between delusions and behavior.To investigate which delusional beliefs characteristics associated with behavior during a first episode of psychosis whether these mediated by affect delusions.Population-based epidemiological survey first-episode 2-year study period.Three inner-city boroughs in East London, England.A total 458 patients were 18 64 years...

Abstract Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) is often used to aid the diagnosis of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and multiple system atrophy (MSA), but its ability predict histopathological has not been systematically studied. cMRI from 48 neuropathologically confirmed cases, including PSP (n = 22), MSA 13), Parkinson's disease (PD) 7), corticobasal degeneration 6), controls 9) were assessed blinded clinical details rated for reported abnormalities. Clinical macroscopic...

MRI-based measurements used to diagnose progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) typically lack pathologic verification and are not easy use routinely. We aimed develop in histologically proven disease a simple measure of the midbrain pons on sagittal MRI identify PSP.Measurements pontine base midsagittal T1-weighted were performed confirmed PSP (n = 12), Parkinson 2), multiple system atrophy (MSA) 7), controls 8). Using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, cutoff values applied...

Summary Purpose: To determine whether abnormal cardiac repolarization and other electrocardiography (ECG) predictors for mortality occur in epilepsy patients they are associated with an increased risk sudden unexpected death (SUDEP). Methods: In a matched‐pair case–control study, recordings of adult pharmacoresistant focal epilepsies who died from SUDEP had previously presurgical video‐EEG (electroencephalography) telemetry were reviewed. Living controls matched age, gender, date admission...

Gang members engage in many high-risk activities associated with psychiatric morbidity, particularly violence-related ones. The authors investigated associations between gang membership, violent behavior, and use of mental health services.The conducted a cross-sectional survey 4,664 men 18-34 years age Great Britain using random location sampling. oversampled from areas high levels violence activities. Participants completed questionnaires covering violence, services, diagnoses measured...

The lower brain stem of 25 pathologically-confirmed Parkinson's disease (PD) cases was examined by alpha synuclein immunohistochemistry to characterize pathological accumulation (Lewy-type α-synucleinopathy, LTS) in the medulla oblongata, examine differences between affected regions and test a proposed model staging pathology PD. All had LTS medulla, including dorsal motor nucleus vagus (dmX), when present. distribution followed consistent pattern appeared be concentrated tyrosine...

Abstract BACKGROUND: Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor in children and young people. Efficacy of multiagent MAP (methotrexate, doxorubicin [Adriamycin], cisplatin) chemotherapy may be influenced by multiple cellular pathways. This pilot study aimed to investigate association 36 candidate genetic polymorphisms pathway genes with histological response, survival, grade 3‐4 toxicity osteosarcoma. METHODS: Blood samples were obtained from 60 patients who had completed...

Following an episode of optic neuritis, thinning the retinal nerve fibre layer, which indicates axonal loss, is observed using optical coherence tomography. The longitudinal course changes has not been well characterized. We performed a serial tomography study in patients presenting with neuritis order to define temporal evolution layer and estimate sample sizes for proof-of-concept trials neuroprotection loss as outcome measure. Twenty-three (7 male, 16 female, mean age 31 years) acute...

To describe the rates for consulting a general practitioner (GP) sequelae after acute covid-19 in patients admitted to hospital with and those managed community, determine how change over time community vaccination covid-19.

Background We aimed to determine whether children and adults with poorly controlled or more severe asthma have greater risk of hospitalisation and/or death from COVID-19. Methods used individual-level data the Office for National Statistics Public Health Data Asset, based on 2011 census in England, General Practice Extraction Service pandemic planning research linked registration records Hospital Episode admission data. Adults were followed 1 January 2020 30 September 2021 For children, only...

Rationale: Cardiovascular events after chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations are recognized. Studies to date have been post hoc analyses of trials, did not differentiate exacerbation severity, included death in the cardiovascular outcome, or had insufficient power explore individual outcomes temporally.Objectives: We temporal relationships between moderate and severe incident, nonfatal hospitalized a primary care–derived COPD cohort.Methods: people with England from 2014...

Estimates for the prevalence of food allergy vary widely, with a paucity data adults. The aim this analysis was to report trends in incidence and England, using national primary care dataset.

<i>Background:</i> Vascular cognitive impairment causes significant disability in the elderly and is common following ischaemic stroke. Although underlying mechanisms prognostic factors remain unclear, small vessel diseases are known to contribute. Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) manifestation of may contribute vascular impairment, particularly frontal-executive functions. We hypothesized that baseline CMBs would predict long-term outcome,...

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterised by difficulties with impulse control and affective dysregulation. It unclear whether BPD contributes to the perpetration of violence or this explained comorbidity. We explored independent associations between categorical dimensional representations in general population, differential from individual criteria.

Structured risk assessment aims to help clinicians classify offenders according likelihood of future violent and criminal behaviour. We investigated how confident can be using three commonly used instruments (HCR-20, VRAG, OGRS-II) in individuals with different diagnoses. Moderate good predictive accuracy for violence was achieved released prisoners no mental disorder, low moderate clinical syndromes personality but better than chance psychopathy. Comprehensive diagnostic should precede an...

Little is known about the development of cerebral microbleeds in patients with ischemic stroke. We studied incidence new a cohort stroke or transient attack screened for at baseline.Twenty-one surviving were followed up after mean interval 5.5 years repeat MRI and clinical assessment. Predictors tested logistic regression.Of baseline, 50% had follow-up compared 8% those without baseline (P=0.047). The presence predicted (OR, 12; 95% CI, 1.02 to 141.34; P=0.048), as did systolic blood...

Abstract Objectives To determine whether lateral occipital complex (LOC) activation with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) predicts visual outcome after clinically isolated optic neuritis (ON). investigate the reasons behind good recovery following ON, despite residual nerve demyelination and neuroaxonal damage. Methods Patients acute ON healthy volunteers were studied longitudinally over 12 months. Structural MRI, evoked potentials (VEPs), optical coherence tomography (OCT) used...

<h3>Background:</h3> Several in vitro studies have suggested levodopa (l-dopa) to be toxic dopaminergic neurons and that it can modulate the aggregation process of α-synuclein. We investigated relationship between cumulative lifetime dose l-dopa nigral neuronal count Lewy body (LB) pathology Parkinson disease (PD). <h3>Methods:</h3> Density pigmented was measured unilaterally a single section substantia nigra (SN) with delineation dorsal ventral tiers 96 cases PD well-documented clinical...

Background There is growing risk from terrorism following radicalisation of young men. It unclear whether psychopathology associated. Aims To investigate the population distribution extremist views among UK Method Cross-sectional study 3679 men, 18–34 years, in Great Britain. Multivariate analyses attitudes, psychiatric morbidity, ethnicity and religion. Results Pro-British men were more likely to be White, born, not religious; anti-British Muslim, religious, Pakistani origin, deprived...

An emerging body of work suggests a link between childhood maltreatment and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, research examining the role in early course lacks robust evidence from longitudinal studies. Our aim was to examine concurrent prospective associations experiences ADHD diagnosis sex differences, estimate association repetitive exposure through adolescence.Data were obtained Boricua Youth Study, study 2480 children adolescents Puerto Rican background. Neglect,...