Purpose: A novel technique for beam profiling of megavoltage photon beams was investigated the first time by capturing images induced Čerenkov emission in water, as a potential surrogate imparted dose irradiated media. Methods: high‐sensitivity, intensified CCD camera (ICCD) configured to acquire 2D projection from 4 × cm 2 6 MV linear accelerator (LINAC) x‐ray operating at rate 400 MU/min incident on water tank with transparent walls. The ICCD acquisition gated LINAC sync pulse reduce...

This study investigates the hypothesis that structured light reflectance imaging with high spatial frequency patterns [Formula: see text] can be used to quantitatively map anisotropic scattering phase function distribution in turbid media. Monte Carlo simulations were part establish a semi-empirical model of demodulated ([Formula: text]) terms dimensionless and text], metric first two moments distribution. Experiments completed tissue-simulating phantoms showed simultaneous analysis spectra...

Localized measurements of scattering in biological tissue provide sensitivity to microstructural morphology but have limited utility wide-field applications, such as surgical guidance. This study introduces sub-diffusive spatial frequency domain imaging (sd-SFDI), which uses high illumination achieve sampling localized reflectances. Model-based inversion recovers macroscopic variations the reduced coefficient [Formula: see text] and phase function backscatter parameter (γ). Measurements...

Abstract The importance of preexisting versus acquired drug resistance in patients with cancer treated small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) remains controversial. goal this study is to provide a general estimate the size and dynamics preexisting, drug-resistant tumor cell population slow-growing persister that precursor TKI resistance. We describe model development, including evolution resistance, solely based on macroscopic trajectory burden during treatment. applied 20 volume...

Abstract Current radiotherapy machines intended to perform streamlined online adaptive therapy are designed be standalone, which makes it challenging integrate them with the rest of clinic. This work describes installation a standalone CT‐guided system, Varian Ethos, in busy clinic utilizing products from multiple vendors, including RayStation as treatment planning system (TPS) and MOSAIQ oncology information (OIS). The aim was develop solutions that minimized workload increases for staff...

Fluorescence guided surgery (FGS) is an emerging technology that has demonstrated improved surgical outcomes. However, dim lighting conditions required by current FGS systems are disruptive to standard workflow. We present a novel system capable of imaging fluorescence under normal room light using pulsed excitation and gated acquisition. Images from tissue-simulating phantoms confirm visual detection down 0.25 μM protoporphyrin IX 125 μW/cm2 ambient light, more than order magnitude lower...

Roughly 23% of breast conserving surgery (BCS) patients undergo a second re-excision procedure due to pathologically positive surgical margins. We investigated the feasibility and potential value micro-Computed Tomography (micro-CT) as margin guidance tool during BCS. A cohort 32 BCS specimens was prospectively imaged with pre-clinical micro-CT system upon arrival in pathology laboratory. Reconstructed scans were evaluated retrospectively by an experienced radiologist, who provided binary...

A new imaging approach, structured light scatteroscopy (SLS), is demonstrated, which offers rapid wide-field of microscopic morphological variations in bulk tissue surfaces. Elastic scattering exquisite sensitivity to ultrastructural changes at multiple size scales ranging from nanometers millimeters, but tissues the confounding effects molecular absorption and strong often lead a dramatic reduction scatter contrast specificity. It demonstrated that SLS using high spatial frequency...

Is it possible to find deterministic relationships between optical measurements and pathophysiology in an unsupervised manner based on data alone? Optical property quantification is a rapidly growing biomedical imaging technique for characterizing biological tissues that shows promise range of clinical applications, such as intraoperative breast-conserving surgery margin assessment. However, translating tissue properties pathology information still cumbersome problem due to, amongst other...

Hyperspectral dark-field microscopy (HSDFM) and data cube analysis algorithms demonstrate successful detection classification of various tissue types, including carcinoma regions in human post-lumpectomy breast tissues excised during breast-conserving surgeries.

A multimodal micro-computed tomography (CT) and multi-spectral structured light imaging (SLI) system is introduced systematically analyzed to test its feasibility aid in margin delineation during breast conserving surgery (BCS). Phantom analysis of the micro-CT yielded a signal-to-noise ratio 34, contrast 1.64, minimum detectable resolution 240 μm for 1.2 min scan. The SLI system, spanning wavelengths 490 nm 800 spatial frequencies up 1.37 [Formula: see text], was evaluated with aqueous...

Subdiffuse spatial frequency domain imaging (sd-SFDI) data of 42 freshly excised, bread-loafed tumor resections from breast-conserving surgery (BCS) were evaluated using texture analysis and a machine learning framework for tissue classification. Resections contained 56 regions interest (RoIs) determined by expert histopathological analysis. RoIs coregistered with sd-SFDI sampled into ∼4 × 4 mm2 subimage samples confirmed homogeneous histological categories. Sd-SFDI reflectance textures...

This study aims to determine if light scatter parameters measured with spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) can accurately predict stromal, epithelial, and adipose fractions in freshly resected, unstained human breast specimens. An explicit model was developed as a function of scattering parameters, which validated against quantitative analysis digitized histology slides for N = 31 specimens using leave-one-out cross-fold validation. Specimen mean volume predicted from strongly correlated...

Optimal integration of molecularly targeted therapies, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), with concurrent chemotherapy and radiation (CRT) to improve outcomes in genotype-defined cancers remains a current challenge clinical settings. Important questions regarding optimal scheduling length induction period for neoadjuvant use agents remain unsolved vary among trial protocols. Here, we develop validate biomathematical framework encompassing drug resistance radiobiology simulate patterns...

Structured light imaging (SLI) with high spatial frequency (HSF) illumination provides a method to amplify native tissue scatter contrast and better differentiate superficial tissues. This was investigated for margin analysis in breast-conserving surgery (BCS) gross clinical tissues from 70 BCS patients, the SLI distinguishability examined six malignancy subtypes relative three benign/normal breast subtypes. Optical scattering images recovered were analyzed five different color space...

We report on a procedure to build and characterize solid tissue-mimicking phantoms of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymers. Controlled inclusion light scattering titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles enables the creation having tunable properties with reduced coefficients consistent across different measurement platforms including an integrating sphere time-resolved diffuse optical spectroscopic system. Backscatter confocal microscopy is also used shape distribution included...

For the first time, spatially resolved quantitative metrics of light scattering recovered with sub-diffusive spatial frequency domain imaging (sd-SFDI) are shown to be sensitive changes in intratumoral morphology and viability by direct comparison histopathological analysis. Two freshly excised subcutaneous murine tumor cross-sections were measured sd-SFDI, optical scatter parameter maps co-registered whole mount histology. Unique clustering parameters μs' vs. γ (i.e. diffuse relative...

A new superficial wide-field imaging technique is presented, which utilizes high spatial frequency structured illumination to constrain the light sampling volume a sub-diffuse regime. In this transport regime, effects of absorption are drastically reduced and sensitivity local scattering from ultrastructrual alterations increased. Absorption independence validated with multiple experiments including bovine blood-Intralipid solution matrix avian tissue blood. The resulting demodulated images...

Hyperspectral dark-field microscopy (HSDFM) and analysis algorithms demonstrate classification of various tissue types, including carcinoma in human post-lumpectomy breast tissues. Performance the HSDFM is evaluated by comparing backscattering intensity spectra polystyrene microbead solutions with Monte Carlo simulations experimental data. For algorithms, two approaches, a supervised spectral angle mapper (SAM) algorithm an unsupervised K-means algorithm, are used. The manually extracted...

There is a dire clinical need for surgical margin guidance in breast conserving therapy (BCT). We present multispectral spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) system, spanning the visible and near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths, combined with shielded X-ray computed tomography (CT) designed intraoperative tumor assessment. While CT can provide volumetric visualization of core its spiculations, co-registered SFDI superficial quantitative information about localized changes tissue morphology from...

This paper describes the system calibration and demodulation procedures used in an investigation of scatter-specific tissue contrast that can be obtained by high spatial frequency (HSF) domain imaging cross- polarization (CP) using inexpensive color system. HSF CP methods are both known to alter reflectance image sensitivity diffuse multiply- scattered superficially backscattered photons. results enhanced contrast, compared standard wide-field imaging, based on surface microstructure...

This study characterizes the scatter‐specific tissue contrast that can be obtained by high spatial frequency (HSF) domain imaging and cross‐polarization (CP) imaging, using a standard color system, how combining them may beneficial. Both HSF CP approaches are known to modulate sensitivity of epi‐illumination reflectance images between diffuse multiply scattered superficially backscattered photons, providing enhanced from microstructure composition than what is achieved wide‐field imaging....