Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) causes considerable morbidity and mortality in Ethiopia. Data on the prevalence associated risk factors malnutrition among VL patients Ethiopia are scarce. This study aimed to assess of its factor Northwest An institution-based cross-sectional was conducted from June September 2012 at four treatment sites Four hundred three adult were enrolled study. Malnutrition defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≤ 18.5 kg/m2. The data collected included sex, age, residence,...

Malnutrition is commonly associated with increased infectious disease susceptibility and severity. Whereas malnutrition might enhance the incidence of as well its severity, active infection can in turn exacerbate malnutrition. Therefore, a malnourished individual suffering from severe infection, it not possible to determine contribution pre-existing and/or itself In current study we focussed on two groups malnourished, but otherwise healthy individuals: moderately (BMI: 18.4–16.5) severely...

The underlying mechanisms resulting in the profound immune suppression characteristic of human visceral leishmaniasis (VL) are not fully understood. Here, we tested hypothesis that arginase, an enzyme associated with immunosuppression, is higher patients VL and contributes to impaired T cell responses. We recruited before after treatment healthy controls measured arginase metabolism blood these individuals. Our results show activity significantly active as compared controls. These high...

Background Visceral leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease associated with high mortality. The most important foci of visceral in Ethiopia are the Northwest and predominantly rates HIV co-infection. Co-infection patients results higher mortality, treatment failure relapse. We have previously shown that arginase, an enzyme immunosuppression, was increased seropositive patients; further our showed arginase activity marker severity. Here, we tested hypothesis activities infections synergize...

Immunologically, active visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is characterized by profound immunosuppression, severe systemic inflammatory responses, and an impaired capacity to control parasite replication. Neutrophils are highly versatile cells, which play a crucial role in the induction as well resolution of inflammation, pathogen replication, regulation immune responses. Neutrophil functions have been investigated human cutaneous leishmaniasis; however, their VL poorly understood. In present study...

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) has emerged as a clinically important opportunistic infection in HIV patients, VL/HIV co-infected patients suffer from frequent VL relapse. Here, we follow cohorts of with or without Ethiopia. By the end study, 78.1% VL/HIV—but none patients—experience Despite defined cure, maintain higher parasite loads, lower BMI, hepatosplenomegaly, and pancytopenia. We identify three immunological markers associated relapse patients: (1) failure to restore antigen-specific...

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected tropical disease caused by Leishmania parasites, that can cause long-term chronic disabilities. The clinical presentation of CL varies in both type and severity. presents as three main forms: localised lesions (localised cutaneous leishmaniasis, LCL); mucocutaneous (MCL) affects the mucosa nose or mouth; disseminated not ulcerating nodules (diffuse DCL). Here we recruited cohort patients newly established treatment centre (LTC) Lay Gayint,...

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), a parasitic disease caused by Leishmania aethiopica, is major health problem in Ethiopia. It presents mostly as three different clinical forms: localized CL characterized small lesions that ulcerate; diffuse defined multiple nonulcerating nodules; and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, where the mucosa of nose or mouth affected. The mechanisms resulting development these presentation are still poorly understood. Here, we recruited cohort patients presenting with forms...

In Ethiopia, cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is caused by Leishmania ( L. ) aethiopica and presents as a spectrum of clinical forms ranging from self-healing to persistent, disfiguring lesions. Monocytes are some the first cells encounter parasites in host. Despite this, their role infection has not been investigated. this study, primary human monocytes were co-incubated with different isolates – three recently collected CL patients one long-term cultured isolate main effector functions...

The development of rK39-based rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) has greatly aided the diagnosis visceral leishmaniasis, especially in Indian subcontinent and Brazil, by offering high sensitivity specificity. However, these have been less sensitive specific sub-Saharan Africa. To improve upon performance rK39 Africa, we engineered fusion molecule rK28, which retained some repeats combined them with repeat sequences from two additional Leishmania genes. This polyprotein was used several prototype...

Background/Objectives Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by Leishmania donovani is a major health problem in Ethiopia. Parasites disparate regions are transmitted different vectors, and cluster distinctive genotypes. Recently isolated strains from VL HIV-VL co-infected patients north south Ethiopia were characterized as part of longitudinal study on transmission. Methodology/Principal Findings Sixty-three L. examined polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting three regions: internal...

Abstract Objective After the epidemics of L. donovani complex in 2004/05 human patients, to investigate presence antibodies against domestic animals north‐west Ethiopia. Methods Two hundred and three were screened. Serum biopsy samples collected. A modified direct agglutination test ( DAT ) for canine reservoirs was used screen serum at ≥ 1:320 cut‐off titre. Giemsa stain culture on Novy macNeal Nicolae NNN media samples. Pre‐tested questionnaires elicit information potential risk factors....

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected tropical skin disease, caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania (L.). It endemic to 90 countries and causes >200,000 new infections each year. In Ethiopia, CL mainly L. aethiopica can present in different clinical forms: localised cutaneous (LCL); mucocutaneous (MCL), where mucosa of nose and/or mouth are affected; diffuse (DCL), characterised non-ulcerating nodules. Persistent forms LCL, as well MCL DCL, require treatment but difficult treat...

Background and Objectives . Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is one of the neglected diseases affecting poorest segment world populations. Sepsis predictors for death patients with VL. This study aimed to assess prevalence factors associated bacterial sepsis, causative agents, their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among Methods A cross-sectional was conducted parasitologically confirmed VL suspected sepsis admitted University Gondar Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, from February 2012 May 2012....

One of the key immunological characteristics active visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a profound immunosuppression and impaired production Interferon-γ (IFN-γ). However, recent studies from Bihar in India showed using whole blood assay, that cells have maintained capacity to produce IFN-γ. Here we tested hypothesis population low-density granulocytes (LDG) might contribute T cell responses hyporesponsiveness via release arginase. Our results show this affected by anticoagulant used collect...

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected tropical disease that primarily affects the most vulnerable populations. In Ethiopia, where this study took place, CL an important health problem, however, incidence of poorly monitored.

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a systemic disease caused by the Leishmania donovani complex. It one of fatal diseases if left untreated. In Ethiopia, there are many VL endemic foci. The aim this study was to determine trends in area.A retrospective conducted at Addis Zemen health center from September 2005 August 2011. Data were collected laboratory registration book and entered analyzed using SPSS version 20 software P value ≤0.05 considered statistically significant.A total 7161 suspected...

Background Diagnostic guidelines for Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) in the East African region are complex. Patients meeting VL clinical case definition should be tested by rK39 rapid diagnostic test (RDT) followed Direct Agglutination Test (DAT) or tissue aspiration if RDT-negative. Otherwise, RDT-positive patients started on treatment. We evaluated how this guideline is adhered to assessing routine practice a university hospital North-West Ethiopia. Methods Retrospective record analysis was...

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a fatal disease and growing public health problem in East Africa, where Ethiopia has one of the highest VL burdens. The largest focus driven by high prevalence migrant agricultural workers associated with rate coinfection HIV. This makes more difficult to treat successfully relapse, VL/HIV patients frequently experiencing many relapses before succumbing this infection. We present genome-wide data on Leishmania donovani isolates from longitudinal study cohorts...

Introduction Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), a neglected tropical disease that causes substantial morbidity and mortality, is serious health problem in Ethiopia. Infections are caused by Leishmania ( L .) donovani parasites. Most individuals remain asymptomatic, but some develop VL, which generally fatal if not treated. We identified the area of Metema-Humera Northwest Ethiopia as setting we could follow migrant workers when they arrived an endemic area. The demographic characteristics this...

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected tropical disease caused by Leishmania parasites, that can cause long-term chronic disabilities. The clinical presentation of CL varies in both type and severity. presents as three main forms: localised lesions (localised cutaneous leishmaniasis, LCL); mucocutaneous (MCL) affects the mucosa nose or mouth; disseminated not ulcerating nodules (diffuse DCL). Here we recruited cohort patients newly established treatment centre (LTC) Lay Gayint,...

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected tropical skin disease, caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania. In Ethiopia, CL mainly Leishmania aethiopica and can present in different clinical forms. The aim of this study was to assess whether these forms are associated with differences genetic host systemic immune signatures.

To assess the prevalence and risk factors of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis among Gondar town prisoners, North West Ethiopia.A cross sectional study was conducted from February to July, 2008 in Prison. Prisoners with cough duration more than two weeks were involved by giving three sputum samples filling questionnaires prepared for factor assessment. Acid fast staining technique employed detect presence Mycobacterium bacilli samples. Data analyzed using SPSS version13 computer software...

Background . Despite high prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis and malaria in the study area, their coinfection remains unknown. Therefore, this was aimed to document VL-malaria coinfections associated factors. Methods A cross-sectional conducted among clinical suspected VL patients attending Metema hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, from January 2014 June 2014. Blood sample tested by rk39 antigen-based DiaMed IT-Leish dipstick Giemsa stain microscopic examination thick thin blood smears for...

Diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and assessment treatment response in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–coinfected patients still relies on invasive tissue aspiration. This hampers scale-up decentralization care resource-limited settings. Noninvasive diagnostics are urgently needed. KATEX is a frequently used latex agglutination test for Leishmania antigen urine that has never been evaluated HIV-coinfected individuals from donovani –endemic areas. was an exploratory sub-study...