Summary Catalase controls cellular H 2 O and plays important roles in the adaptation of plants to various stresses, but little is known about signaling events that lead expression CAT1 production . Here we report dependence on a mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade. transcript was induced an ABA‐dependent way induction abolished T‐DNA insertion mutant mkk1 (SALK_015914), while AtMKK1 overexpression significantly enhanced ABA‐induced production. AtMPK6, another component MAPK...

Summary Fleshy fruits are classically divided into climacteric and nonclimacteric types. It has long been thought that the ripening of is regulated by ethylene abscisic acid ( ABA ), respectively. Here, we report sucrose functions as a signal in strawberry F ragaria × ananassa fruit. Pharmacological experiments, well gain‐ loss‐of‐function studies, were performed to demonstrate critical role regulation fruit ripening. Fruit growth development closely correlated with change content. Exogenous...

Salt‐stress‐induced ABA accumulation in maize root tissues was compared with that leaf tissues. While salt stress NaCl resulted a significant (up to 10‐fold), the same only led small (about 1‐fold). Pretreatment ethylene glycol (EG), permeable and inert monomer of PEG, could prevent shrinkage cell volume completely block under stress, but substantial salt‐induced still observed following such pretreatment. Hypotonic solutions, i.e. below 100 mM NaCl, induced (more than 3‐fold) roots, showed...

Aquaporins are water channel proteins that facilitate the passage of through biological membranes and play a crucial role in plant growth. We showed ethylene treatment significantly reduced petal size, inhibited expansion abaxial subepidermal cells, decreased content rose (Rosa hybrida 'Samantha'). Here, we report isolation plasma membrane aquaporin (PIP) gene, Rh-PIP2;1, characterized its potential ethylene-inhibited expansion. Rh-PIP2;1 is mainly localized on belongs to class 2 subfamily...

Catalase and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) have been extensively studied for their roles in various stress responses. However, little is known about the triggering mechanisms stress-induced catalase gene expression or H(2)O(2) production as a signal. It reported here that ABA-, drought-, salt of CAT1 mediated by AtMEK1, an Arabidopsis MAPK kinase, signal production. Both AtMEK1 activity were activated ABA, drought, stresses. The mek1 mutant totally blocked and, interestingly, was also...

Abstract The confocal microscope was used to determine the pH of leaf apoplast and microvolumes xylem sap. We quantified variation in sap relation changes edaphic atmospheric conditions that impacted on stomatal sensitivity a root-sourced abscisic acid signal. Several plant species showed significant both shoot response environmental perturbation. Xylem leaving root generally more acidic than midrib leaf. Increasing transpiration rate intact plants detached parts resulted pHs. Experiments...

Nitric oxide (NO) has been reported to be involved in breaking seed dormancy but its mechanism of action is unclear. Here, we report that a rapid accumulation NO induced an equally decrease abscisic acid (ABA) required for this Arabidopsis. Results quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) and Western blotting indicate the NO-induced ABA correlates with regulation CYP707A2 transcription (+)-abscisic 8'-hydroxylase (encoded by CYP707A2) protein expression. By analysing...

Whereas the regulatory mechanisms that direct fruit ripening have been studied extensively, little is known about signaling underlying this process, especially for nonclimacteric fruits. In study, we demonstrated a SUCROSE NONFERMENTING1-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE2, designated as FaSnRK2.6, negative regulator of development and in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) can also mediate temperature-modulated ripening. FaSnRK2.6 was identified an ortholog OPEN STOMATA1. Levels transcript rapidly...

Sugar and acid metabolism are critical for fruit ripening quality formation, but the underlying regulatory mechanisms largely unknown. Here, we identified a transcriptional repressor, FaMYB44.2, that regulates sugar accumulation in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa 'Benihoppe') receptacles. We transiently expressed FaMYB44.2 conducted metabolic molecular analyses to explore role of strawberry. found negatively soluble malic content represses expression numerous structural genes, including...

Abstract The regulatory mechanisms that link WRKY gene expression to fruit ripening are largely unknown. Using transgenic approaches, we showed a from wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca), FvWRKY48, may be involved in softening and ripening. We FvWRKY48 is localized the nucleus degradation of pectin cell wall polymer homogalacturonan, which present middle lamella tricellular junction zones fruit, was greater FvWRKY48-OE (overexpressing) fruits than empty vector (EV)-transformed less substantial...

The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) accumulates in tissues which experience water deficit (stress ABA). This study analysed its accumulation as a function of both synthesis and catabolism maize tissues. By following the disappearance stress ABA when was blocked by nordihydroguaiaretic (NDGA), rate determined. When compared with catabolic baseline (non-stress) ABA, showed >11 times higher. With such an elevated rate, it is proposed that xanthophyll precursor pool may not be able to sustain...

As the nerve-mediated signaling in animals, long-distance plants is a prerequisite for to be able perceive environmental stimuli and initiate adaptive responses. While intracellular signal transduction has been attracting considerable attentions, studies on relatively overlooked. Stomatal movements are well recognized as model system cellular transduction. It demonstrated that stomatal may frequently tuned by under various stimuli. can not only respond persistent stress but also shock...

Abstract Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are involved in plant adaptive responses to biotic and abiotic stresses but the upstream signalling process that modulates their expression is not clear. Expression of two iron SODs, FSD2 FSD3, was significantly increased Arabidopsis response NaCl treatment blocked transgenic MKK5-RNAi plant, mkk5. Using an assay system for transient protoplasts, it found mitogen-activated protein kinase 5 (MKK5) also activated salt stress. Overexpression MKK5 wild-type...

Ethylene (ETH) controls climacteric fruit ripening and can be triggered by osmotic stress. However, the mechanism regulating ETH biosynthesis during under stress is largely unknown in apple (Malus domestica). Here, we explored roles of SnRK2 protein kinases related to osmoregulation. We identified substrates MdSnRK2-I using phosphorylation analysis techniques. Finally, MdSnRK2-I-mediated signaling pathway for The activity two members, MdSnRK2.4 MdSnRK2.9, was significantly upregulated or...

With a goal to identify specific essential oils that can control postharvest Rhizopus rot on strawberry and peach fruits, we performed screening for 26 based their antifungal activity against stolonifer in vitro investigated the underlying mechanism. Mentha spicata (Ms), piperita (Mp), Thymus vulgaris CT carvacrol (Tc) thymol (Tt) exhibited strong inhibition R. growth screening. These increased plasma membrane permeability of resulted outflow intercellular electrolyte, nucleic acid, protein...

Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a major role in the regulation of strawberry fruit ripening; however, origin ABA signal is largely unknown. Here, we report an autocatalytic mechanism for biosynthesis and its synergistic interaction with auxin to regulate ripening. We demonstrate that self-induced achenes, but not receptacle, which results substantial accumulation during was found both IAA transport biosynthesis, thereby modulating content early growth later Taken together, these reveal origins...

ABSTRACT It is generally accepted that jasmonate‐ZIM domain (JAZ) repressors act to mediate jasmonate (JA) signaling via CORONATINE‐INSENSITIVE1 (COI1)‐mediated degradation. Here, we report a cryptic cascade where JAZ repressor, FvJAZ12, mediates multiple inputs phosphorylation‐modulated subcellular translocation rather than the COI1‐mediated degradation mechanism in strawberry ( Fragaria vesca ). FvJAZ12 acts regulate flavor metabolism and defense response, was found be target of FvMPK6,...

Strawberry is increasingly used as a model plant for research on fruit growth and development. The transient gene manipulation (TGM) technique widely to determine the function of genes, including those in strawberry fruits. However, its reliable application precise identification has been difficult owing lack conditional optimization. In this study, we found that successful requires optimization, with vector type, temperature, developmental stage being three major factors determining...

Superoxide dismutases (SODs) convert the superoxide radical to hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen, play crucial roles in plant tolerance oxidative stress. Expression of many genes encoding SODs is promoted response environmental stresses, but exact mechanism such promotion largely unknown. Here, we report that MKK5, a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase, mediated high light-induced expression two copper/zinc SODs, CSD1 CSD2, was involved adaptation light In light, wild-type...

Ripening of fleshy fruits is controlled by a series intricate signaling processes. Here, we report FERONIA/FER-like receptor kinase, FaMRLK47, that regulates both strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa) fruit ripening and quality formation. Overexpression RNAi-mediated downregulation FaMRLK47 delayed accelerated ripening, respectively. We showed physically interacts with FaABI1, negative regulator abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, demonstrated modulating ABA major pathway governing ripening. In...