Insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) modules in modular multilevel converters (MMCs) have inherent unbalanced power loss distribution and temperature swing. Some chips may become the hotspots much larger swing than others, which seriously compromises lifetime of IGBT modules. Therefore, effective improvement measures that are low cost crucial for MMC. Reverse conducting (RC-IGBT) constructs freewheel diode a single chip, has advantages lower thermal resistance, switching loss, heat...

This article presents a novel direct-injection modular universal power flow and quality control topology exclusively using lower components. In addition to conventional high-voltage applications, it is particularly attractive for the distribution secondary grids, e.g., in soft open points (SOPs), down low voltage as can exploit latest developments low-voltage high-current semiconductors. contrast other concepts that do not interface grid through transformers, does need convert entire line...

Insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) modules are the most critical components of modular multilevel converters (MMCs). However, they subjected to repetitive thermo-mechanical stress caused by thermal cycles on different materials, which can easily lead failures in solder layers. Moreover, when MMCs work at high power factor, IGBT have severely uneven temperature distribution due inherent dc-bias arm currents. Some chips much hotter than others. These hot spots significantly reduce...

Due to the outstanding material properties, silicon carbide (SiC) power device is most promising alternative devices and can work at higher junction temperature. However, existing packaging technologies obstruct use of SiC high temperature impede continued exploration in high-temperature applications. This article proposes a novel hermetic metal method called compact-interleaved package. The module handles mentioned problems from three key considerations: parasitic parameters, direct...

This article presents a highly compact direct-injection power flow and quality (f/q) control topology that employs novel hybrid switching scheme to eliminate the line transformers discrete high-current inductors in series injection, which otherwise dominate size cost. Moreover, proposed design is especially suitable for lower voltage levels from distribution grid onward using latest low-voltage semiconductors, specifically fast-switching gallium–nitride transistors operating even with only...

Motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) are among the few directly observable responses to external brain stimulation and serve a variety of applications, often in form input-output (IO) curves. Previous statistical models with two variability sources inherently consider small MEPs at low-side plateau as part neural recruitment properties. However, recent studies demonstrated that MEP under resting conditions contaminated over-shadowed by background noise mostly technical quality, e.g., caused...

Relying on the advantages of small size, good controllability, and consistency, printed circuit board (PCB) inductors are being widely used. For PCB inductors, reducing copper loss is one key issues. Although some research works focus fringing effect in planar winding, there few methods to reduce proximity for inductor. Regarding abovementioned issues, this letter first improves Ferreira's 1-D model accommodate core feature winding: variable number turns per layer. With model, pyramid...

In repetitive pulse power applications, the charging capacitor time occupies most of in a period, and important parameters such as repetition rate are restricted by speed capacitor. To accelerate make full use components' capacity, novel adaptive optimization (AOC) strategy is proposed for supply (CCPS). Moreover, to improve accuracy inductor-capacitor-capacitor (LCC) model, fundamental harmonic approximation model based on continuous resonant current (CRC-FHA) put forward. Compared with...

With LCC resonant circuit as the topological high- voltage charging power supply, commonly used modulation methods are pulse-frequency (PSM) and phase shift (PFM). Aiming at problem of wide frequency range, low utilization magnetic parts when PFM, narrow soft switching range PSM, a functional relationship between output current is established, PSM-PFM hybrid strategy proposed based on characteristics. This control uses PSM light load to increase speed capacitor without increasing stress,...

Recent advances in renewable energy distributed generation have brought up power flow problems low-voltage grids. To address this issue, paper proposes a novel and quality control circuit. The circuit eliminates any bulky transformer instead utilizes shunt active front end high-frequency links that floating modules per phase. These modules, without ground connection, only handle small portion of the voltage difference, allowing use latest high current devices. Additionally, module adopts...

Motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) are among the few directly observable responses to external brain stimulation and serve a variety of applications, often in form input-output (IO) curves. Previous statistical models with two variability sources inherently consider small MEPs at low-side plateau as part neural recruitment properties. However, recent studies demonstrated that MEP under resting conditions contaminated over-shadowed by background noise mostly technical quality, e.g., caused...

In this paper, we propose a novel wireless power transfer (WPT) system with fixed transmitting (Tx) coil and rotating receiving (Rx) used in automatic revolving doors. The WPT coils provide high coupling achieve efficiency against rotation. are wound on coaxial structures similar to pivot joint. mutual inductance (M) between the windings is derived validated by simulation, calculation, measurement results. Design procedures of discussed. Finally, were fabricated. Experiment results good...

A constant resonant current charging strategy is proposed for LCC capacitor power supply (CCPS) in this article, which has the advantages of faster speed, lower temperature rise, and smaller frequency change range compared with output (CC) charging. The accuracy fundamental equivalent model CCPS effectiveness are verified by simulation a 750W experiment.

This article proposes a maximum power factor tracking (MPFT) technique for the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LCC</i> resonant converter which functions as capacitor charging supply. The proposed MPFT is achieved through variable dc-link voltage whose reference value can be adjusted in real time factor. By means of method, follows output to minimize turn- <sc xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">off</small> current...

This paper presents a novel direct-injection modular universal power flow and quality control topology exclusively using lower components. In addition to conventional high-voltage applications, it is particularly attractive for the distribution secondary grids, e.g., in soft open points, down low voltage as can exploit latest developments low-voltage high-current semiconductors. contrast other concepts that do not interface grid through transformers, does need convert entire line but only...

In this paper, a self-adaptive permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM) parameter calibration algorithm using deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is proposed, which transforms the problem into Markov decision process (MDP). The performance of proposed schemes tested on nonlinear PMSM model under variable loads and Gaussian noise. results show that has better accuracy robustness than traditional optimization algorithm.

In this paper, a maximum power factor tracking (MPFT) technique through variable DC link voltage is proposed for the LCC resonant converter capacitor charging supply (CCPS) with an ultra-wide output range. The follows to minimize turn-off current of MOSFETS reduce switching loss, and circulating decrease instantaneous reactive in tank. comparison fixed voltage, demonstrates efficiency improvement constant (CC) (CP) strategy. When using CC strategy, can be improved by up 26.84% under light...

This paper presents a flying capacitor optimization analysis for novel hybrid switched-capacitor (HSC) converter. kind of DC-DC converter is good candidate high efficiency and power density supply data centers. By utilizing this analyzing method, the selection value capacitors can be optimized soft charging operation HSC architecture will improved. The reduce device stress, improve efficiency. simulation models with single load multiple loads are established respectively to verify...

The stator currents of the high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor contain both low-frequency and high-frequency harmonic components, which lead to errors in estimation back electromotive force affect performance observers. Traditional filtering solutions mostly focus on harmonics, but for motors with low inductance, hazards harmonics cannot be ignored. This paper proposes a full-range suppression scheme improve accuracy observer. LC filters are applied filter out notch designed...

A function between output current of LCC resonant converter with capacitive load and normalized switching frequency is established using Fundamental Harmonic Approximation (FHA). two-stage charging control strategy proposed a switch to change the reduce range in constant (CC) mode wide load. The accuracy technology verified through 800V, 1A model built SIMULINK MATLAB. prototype manufactured which verifies that can by 50kHz