A5041018942- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Data-Driven Disease Surveillance
- HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Climate Change and Health Impacts
- Sex work and related issues
- Misinformation and Its Impacts
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment
- Global Health Care Issues
- Urban and Rural Development Challenges
- Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting Issues
- Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Human Rights and Development
- Ethics and Legal Issues in Pediatric Healthcare
- Children's Rights and Participation
- Healthcare cost, quality, practices
University of Washington
2022-2025
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
2024
Seattle University
2022-2023
Washington University in St. Louis
2021
Palo Alto University
2017-2020
Stanford University
2014-2020
Desmond Tutu HIV Foundation
2016
University of Cape Town
2016
American Foundation for AIDS Research
2012-2015
Despite the availability of safe and efficacious coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines, a significant proportion American public remains unvaccinated does not appear to be immediately interested in receiving vaccine.
Introduction The HIV pandemic disproportionately impacts young women. Worldwide, women aged 15–24 are infected with at rates twice that of men, and alone account for nearly a quarter all new infections. incommensurate incidence in – often poor underscores how social economic inequalities shape the epidemic. Confluent forces, including political gender violence, poverty, racism, sexism impede equal access to therapies effective care, but most constrain agency Methods prevalence data was...
Background The COVID-19 vaccination campaign in the US has been immensely successful vaccinating those who are receptive, further increases rates however will require more innovative approaches to reach remain hesitant. Developing strategies that modelled on what people want could increase uptake. Methods and findings To inform vaccine distribution aligned with public preferences we conducted a discrete choice experiment among (N = 2,895) between March 15 22, 2021. We applied sampling...
Equity in vaccination coverage is a cornerstone for successful public health response to COVID-19. To deepen understanding of the extent which compares with initial strategies equitable vaccination, we explore primary vaccine series and booster rollout over time by race/ethnicity, social vulnerability, geography.
The role of active case-finding (ACF) in improving tuberculosis (TB) prevention and care depends on the infectiousness persons with undiagnosed TB accuracy screening strategies. To compare community dwellers to presenting for healthcare, we evaluated clinicodemographic microbiologic characteristics, cough aerosol culture (CAC) status, household contact (HHC) QuantiFERON-Plus (QFT) status by approach adults pulmonary TB. We enrolled 388 Kenyan GeneXpert (excluding trace) and/or...
National and sub-national population-based surveys, when performed at intervals, may assess important changes in TB prevalence. In 2022 we re-surveyed nine Nairobi County neighbourhoods that were previously surveyed 2015. We aimed to determine pulmonary prevalence, compare prevalence 2015 estimates, evaluate risk groups. Participants who reported cough of any duration and/or whose chest x-ray suggested submitted sputum for smear microscopy, Xpert Ultra, liquid culture. defined prevalent as...
<sec><title>BACKGROUND</title>Annually, over 3 million people develop TB but are not diagnosed and treated. We aimed to characterize the mobility patterns activity locations of with in an urban, high-burden setting inform future active case-finding (ACF) efforts.</sec><sec><title>METHODS</title>We conducted a population-based prevalence survey Nairobi, Kenya, 2022. Participants aged ≥15 years symptoms or suggestive chest X-ray submitted sputum for Xpert Ultra culture. collected data on...
Despite the importance of male circumcision (MC) prevalence to HIV prevention efforts in Eastern and Southern Africa, there has been no systematic analysis on correlates circumcision. This identifies MC 12 countries region with available data.Data from questionnaire DHS surveys collected between 2006-2011 Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe were analyzed. The dependent variable was self-reported status. Independent...
Reducing tuberculosis (TB) deaths among children requires a better understanding of the gaps in care cascade from TB diagnosis to treatment completion. We sought assess child 32 rural communities Uganda and Kenya using programmatic data.This is retrospective cohort study 160,851 (ages <15 years) living 12 22 Uganda. reviewed national registries health centers adjacent communities, we included all cases recorded January 1, 2013 June 30, 2016. To calculate first step cascade, number with...
The legislation reauthorizing the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) in 2008 recognized need HIV/AIDS programs directed to most-at-risk populations, including men who have sex with and people inject drugs. To examine whether that goal is being met, we analyzed data from PEPFAR’s Operational Plans fiscal years 2009 2010. eighteen countries our study accounted nearly two-thirds of overall PEPFAR financing those approximately 60 percent total number living HIV world After...
South Africa has one of the worst tuberculosis burdens in world. Several ecological forces have contributed to this, including high HIV prevalence; failing TB control strategies; crowded, poorly ventilated indoor environments-including complex web political and economic interests which produce them; development racial capitalism; mining migration. In following study, we measure CO2 levels public transport investigate role extended commutes from peri-urban settlements urban sites work-a...
Rates of Isoniazid Preventive Therapy (IPT) completion remain low in programmatic settings sub-Saharan Africa. Differentiated HIV care models may improve IPT by addressing joint barriers to and treatment. However, the impact differentiated on remains unknown. In a cross-sectional study people with antiretroviral therapy 5 communities rural Uganda, we compared between patients receiving via model versus standard assessed multi-level predictors completion. A total 103/144 (72%) received 85/161...
Considering the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants and low vaccine access uptake, minimizing human interactions remains an effective strategy to mitigate spread SARS-CoV-2. Using a functional principal component analysis, we created multidimensional mobility index (MI) using six metrics compiled by SafeGraph from all counties in Illinois, Ohio, Michigan Indiana between January 1 December 8, 2020. Changes were defined as time-updated 7-day rolling average. Associations our MI COVID-19 cases...
Background The age-specific epidemiology of child and adolescent tuberculosis (TB) is poorly understood, especially in rural areas East Africa. We sought to characterize the prevalence predictors TB infection among children adolescents living Uganda, explore contribution household exposure on infection. Methods From 2015–2016 we placed read 3,121 tuberculin skin tests (TST) (5–11 years old) (12–19 participating a nested survey 9 Eastern Ugandan communities. was defined as positive TST...
Abstract The COVID-19 vaccination campaign in the US has been immensely successful vaccinating those who are receptive, further increases rates however will require more innovative approaches to reach remain hesitant, deliberative or indifferent. Phenomena such empty mass sites and wasted vaccine doses some regions suggest that addition dispelling misinformation building trust, developing person-centered strategies, modelled on what people want could increase uptake. To inform distribution...
Abstract Background In sub-Saharan Africa many people who inject drugs (PWID) are living with undiagnosed or untreated HIV and experience high levels of poverty conditions that can contribute to worse outcomes from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Identifying the burden infection in marginalized populations like PWID may controlling pandemic. Methods This is a nested cross-sectional study within an ongoing cohort recruits their injecting and/or sexual partners at needle syringe program sites methadone...
Despite reductions in the number of new HIV infections globally, epidemic among men who have sex with (MSM) is expanding. This study characterises financing programmes for MSM and impact criminalisation on levels funding, using data from five countries that criminalise same-sex sexual practices (Ethiopia, Mozambique, Guyana, India Nigeria) three do not (China, Ukraine Vietnam). For each country, all publicly available documents Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis Malaria approved...
Abstract Background Annually, over 3 million people develop TB but are not diagnosed and treated. We aimed to characterize the mobility patterns activity locations of with in an urban, high-burden setting inform future active case finding (ACF) efforts. Methods conducted a population-based prevalence survey Nairobi, Kenya, 2022. Participants aged ≥15 years symptoms or suggestive chest x-ray submitted sputum for Xpert Ultra culture. collected data on individual evaluated their association...
National and sub-national population-based surveys, when performed at intervals, may assess important changes in TB prevalence. In 2022 we re-surveyed nine Nairobi County neighbourhoods that were previously surveyed 2015. We aimed to determine pulmonary prevalence, compare prevalence 2015 estimates, evaluate risk groups. Participants who reported cough of any duration and/or whose chest x-ray suggested submitted sputum for smear microscopy, Xpert Ultra, liquid culture. defined prevalent as...