A5046616347- Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing
- Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Coastal and Marine Dynamics
- Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research
- Oil Spill Detection and Mitigation
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Underwater Acoustics Research
- Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies
- Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Wind and Air Flow Studies
- Fecal contamination and water quality
- Climate variability and models
- Aeolian processes and effects
- Marine and fisheries research
- Coastal wetland ecosystem dynamics
- Coastal and Marine Management
- Water Systems and Optimization
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Groundwater flow and contamination studies
- Seismic Waves and Analysis
- Fluid Dynamics Simulations and Interactions
- Water Treatment and Disinfection
- Plant Surface Properties and Treatments
- Microplastics and Plastic Pollution
- Radar Systems and Signal Processing
University of Miami
2015-2025
University of California, Davis
2019
Division of Ocean Sciences
1997-2013
University of California, San Diego
2007
University of South Florida St. Petersburg
2007
Scripps Institution of Oceanography
2007
Miami University
1999-2004
The aerodynamic friction between air and sea is an important part of the momentum balance in development tropical cyclones. Measurements drag coefficient, relating tangential stress (frictional drag) wind water to speed density, have yielded reliable information speeds less than 20 m/s (about 39 knots). In these moderate conditions it generally accepted that coefficient (or equivalently, “aerodynamic roughness”) increases with speed. Can one merely extrapolate this tendency describe...
Significance We report here on results obtained from the largest upper-ocean dispersion field program conducted to date. The observations provided, for first time our knowledge, an accurate and nearly simultaneous description of ocean surface velocity spatial scales ranging 100 m km. show conclusively that flows contain significant energy at below 10 km their fluctuations dictate initial spread tracer/pollutant clouds. Neither state-of-the art operational models nor satellite altimeters...
Floating oil, plastics, and marine organisms are continually redistributed by ocean surface currents. Prediction of their resulting distribution on the is a fundamental, long-standing, practically important problem. The dominant paradigm dispersion within dynamical context nondivergent flow: objects initially close together will average spread apart but area patches material does not change. Although this likely valid at mesoscales, larger than 100 km in horizontal scale, recent theoretical...
The validation of estimates ocean surface current speed and direction from high‐frequency (HF) Doppler radars can be obtained through comparisons with measurements moored near‐surface meters, acoustic profilers, or drifters. Expected differences between meter (CM) HF radar vector currents depend on numerous sources errors such as instrument sensor limitations, sampling characteristics, mooring response, geophysical variability. We classify these being associated exclusively the meter, radar,...
Abstract This paper is dedicated to wave-induced turbulence unrelated wave breaking. The existence of such has been foreshadowed in a number experimental, theoretical, and numerical studies. current study presents direct measurements this turbulence. laboratory experiment was conducted by means particle image velocimetry, which allowed estimates wavenumber velocity spectra beneath monochromatic nonbreaking unforced waves. Observed intermittently exhibited the Kolmogorov interval associated...
Abstract Targeted observations of submesoscale currents are necessary to improve science’s understanding oceanic mixing, but these dynamics occur at spatiotemporal scales that currently challenging detect. Prior studies have recently shown the surface velocity field can be measured by tracking hundreds drifters released in tight arrays. This strategy requires drifter positioning accurate, frequent, and last for several weeks. However, because large numbers involved, must low-cost, compact,...
Abstract Tropical cyclone track prediction is steadily improving, while storm intensity has seen little progress in the last quarter century. Important physics are not yet well understood and implemented tropical forecast models. Missing unresolved physics, especially at air-sea interface, among factors limiting predictions. In a laboratory experiment coordinated numerical simulation, conducted this work, microstructure of air-water interface under hurricane force wind resembled...
Abstract Plastics and spilled oil pose a critical threat to marine life human health. As result of wind forcing wave motions, theoretical laboratory studies predict very strong velocity variation with depth over the upper few centimeters water column, an observational blind spot in real ocean. Here we present first‐ever ocean measurements current vector profile defined within 1 cm free surface. In our illustrative example, magnitude averaged is shown be nearly four times average 10 m, even...
Application of recent geometric tools for Lagrangian coherent structures (LCS) shows that material attraction in geostrophic velocities derived from altimetry data imposed an important constraint to the motion drifters Grand Deployment (GLAD) Gulf Mexico. This is largely transparent traditional Eulerian analysis. Attracting LCS acted as approximate centerpieces mesoscale patterns formed by drifters. Persistently attracting cores emerged 1 week before development a filament resembling “tiger...
Strengths and weakness of remotely sensed winds are discussed, along with the current capabilities for sensing stress. Future missions briefly mentioned. The observational needs a wide range wind stress applications provided. These strongly support short list desired future constellations.
Abstract The loss of functional and accreting coral reefs reduces coastal protection resilience for tropical coastlines. Coral restoration has potential recovering healthy that can mitigate risks from hazards increase sustainability. However, scaling up to the large extent needed requires integrated application principles engineering, hydrodynamics, ecology across multiple spatial scales, as well filling missing knowledge gaps disciplines. This synthesis aims identify how scientific...
Abstract Quantifying the amount and rate of sea spray production at ocean surface is critical to understanding effect has on atmospheric boundary layer processes (e.g., tropical cyclones). Currently, only limited observational data exist that can be used validate available droplet models. To help fill this gap, a laboratory experiment was conducted directly observed vertical distribution spume droplets above actively breaking waves. The experiments were carried out in hurricane-force...
Abstract Air‐sea drag governs the momentum transfer between atmosphere and ocean remains largely unknown in hurricane winds. We revisit budget eddy covariance methods to estimate surface coefficient laboratory. Our estimates agree with field measurements low‐to‐moderate winds previous laboratory hurricane‐force The saturates at 2.6×10 −3 U 10 ≈25 m s −1 , agreement results by Takagaki et al. (2012,). During our analysis, we discovered an error original source code used Donelan (2004,)....
Hurricanes are fueled by evaporation and convection from the ocean they lose energy through frictional drag of atmosphere on surface. The relative rates these processes have been thought to provide a limit maximum potential hurricane intensity. Here we report laboratory observations transfers for scaled winds equivalent strong Category 1 (38 ms −1 ). We show that transfer coefficient ratio holds closely level ∼0.5 even in highest observed winds, where previous studies suggested there is...
Abstract A dual-station high-frequency Wellen Radar (WERA), transmitting at 16.045 MHz, was deployed along the west Florida shelf in phased array mode during summer of 2003. 33-day, continuous time series radial and vector surface current fields acquired starting on 23 August ending 25 September Over a 30-min sample interval, WERA mapped coastal ocean currents over an ≈40 km × 80 footprint with 1.2-km horizontal resolution. total 1628 snapshots acquired, only 70 samples (4.3%) missing from...
Abstract Controlled experiments were conducted in the Air–Sea Interaction Saltwater Tank (ASIST) at University of Miami to investigate air–sea moist enthalpy transfer rates under various wind speeds (range 0.6–39 m s−1 scaled equivalent 10-m neutral winds) and water–air temperature differences 1.3°–9.2°C). An indirect calorimetric (heat content budget) measurement technique yielded accurate determinations flux over full range speeds. These winds included conditions with significant spray...
Abstract The Lagrangian Submesoscale Experiment (LASER) involved the deployment of ~1000 biodegradable GPS-tracked Consortium for Advanced Research on Transport Hydrocarbon in Environment (CARTHE) drifters to measure submesoscale upper-ocean currents and their potential impact oil spills. experiment was conducted from January February 2016 Gulf Mexico (GoM) near mouth Mississippi River, an area characterized by strong currents. A Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (HZG) marine X-band radar (MR)...
Key Points A coupled microbe‐hydrodynamic‐morphological model has been developed Tides and waves are fundamental factors to load enterococci from sediment Bacterial exceedances likely when local wind coincide with high tides
Abstract Eulerian velocity fields are derived from 300 drifters released in the Gulf of Mexico by The Consortium for Advanced Research on Transport Hydrocarbon Environment (CARTHE) during summer 2012 Grand Lagrangian Deployment (GLAD) experiment. These data directly assimilated into Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM) four-dimensional variational assimilation (4DVAR) analysis system a series experiments to investigate their impact model circulation. NCOM-4DVAR is newly developed tool analysis,...
Efforts to restore coral reefs using sexually derived recruits are often hindered by their low survivorship and growth, hence scalable interventions improve these parameters urgently needed. Here we developed novel settlement substrates that modify the local chemical hydrodynamic environments provide alkalinity enhancement (AE) within laminar boundary layer aid in restoration. Cement tiles with four different chemistries two surface topographies were tested a flume system quantify ability...
Abstract The airflow separation from the water surface strongly impacts coupling between wind and waves. To visualize quantify potential separation's effect on momentum transfer to wave, we conducted colocated sampling of air pressure, airflow, elevation under a range wave conditions in laboratory. experiments were SUrge‐STructure‐Atmosphere INteraction (SUSTAIN) facility at University Miami. Three background subjected forcing ( 5–16 m ) investigate effects amplitude, frequency, regime...