Task learning involves associations between stimuli and outcomes storing these relationships in memory. While this information can be reliably decoded from population activity, individual neurons encoding representation drift over time. The circuit or molecular mechanisms underlying its role are unclear. We performed two-photon calcium imaging the perirhinal cortex during task training. Using post hoc spatial transcriptomics, we measured immediate-early gene (IEG) expression assigned...

Ubiquinone (coenzyme Q; abbreviation, Q) plays an essential role in electron transport Escherichia coli when oxygen or nitrate is the acceptor. The biosynthesis of Q involves at least nine reactions. Three these reactions involve hydroxylations resulting introduction hydroxyl groups positions C-6, C-4, and C-5 benzene nucleus Q. genes encoding enzymes responsible for hydroxylations, ubiB, ubiH, ubiF are located 87, 66, 15 min E. linkage map. encoded oxygenase introduces group carbon five...

The reaction of Os3(CO)11(NCMe), 1, with 1,8-bis(ferrocenyl)octatetrayne, 3, has yielded four new products: Os3(CO)10(μ3-η2-Fc-C2−C⋮C−C⋮C−C⋮C−Fc), 4; Os3(CO)10(μ3-η2-Fc-C⋮C−C2−C⋮C−C⋮C−Fc), 5; Os3(CO)11(μ3-η4-Fc-C4−C⋮C−C⋮C−Fc), 6; and Os6(CO)21(Fc-C2−C3−COC−C⋮C−Fc), 7. Compounds 4 5 were obtained in better yields from the Os3(CO)10(NCMe)2, 2, which also a hexaosmium compound, Os6(CO)20(μ6-η4-Fc-C⋮C−C2−C⋮C−C2−Fc), 8, formed by addition 2 equiv to 3. All five products characterized IR, 1H NMR,...

The reaction of Mn2(CO)7(μ-S2), 2, with CpCo(CO)2 and Cp*Rh(CO)2 (Cp* = C5Me5) yielded the new complexes CpCoMn2(CO)6(μ3-S)2, 3, Cp*RhMn2(CO)6(μ3-S)2, 4, in 79% 38% yields, respectively. 2 CpCo(CO)(PPh3) CpCoMn2(CO)5(PPh3)(μ3-S)2, 5 (a phosphine derivative 3), Mn2(CO)6(PPh3)(μ-S2), 6 2). Compound was also obtained 88% yield from 3 PPh3. All products were characterized crystallographically. Compounds 3−5 are structurally similar consist a triangular Mn2M cluster triply bridging sulfido...

The reaction of Mn(2)(CO)(7)(mu-S2) (1) with [CpMo(CO)(3)](2) (Cp = C(5)H(5)) and [Cp*Mo(CO)(3)](2) (Cp* C(5)(CH(3))(5)) yielded the new mixed-metal disulfide complexes CpMoMn(CO)(5)(mu-S2) (2) Cp*MoMn(CO)(5)(mu-S2) (3) by a metal-metal exchange reaction. Compounds 2 3 both contain bridging disulfido ligand lying perpendicular to Mo-Mn bond. bond distances are 2.8421(10) 2.8914(5) A S-S 2.042(2) 1.9973(10) for 3, respectively. tetranuclear metal side product CpMoMn(3)(CO)(13)(mu3-S)(mu4-S)...

The first committed step in the biosynthesis of menaquinone (vitamin K2) is conversion chorismate to isochorismate, which mediated by an isochorismate synthase encoded menF gene. This (MenF) distinct from entC-encoded (EntC) involved enterobactin biosynthesis. MenF has been overexpressed under influence T7 promoter and purified homogeneity. protein was found have a molecular mass 98 kDa as determined gel filtration column chromatography on Sephacryl S-200. Sodium dodecyl...

Neural circuits, governed by a complex interplay between excitatory and inhibitory neurons, are the substrate for information processing, organization of synaptic connectivity in neural network is an important determinant circuit function. Here, we analyzed fine structure hippocampal CA1 neurons innervated Schaffer collaterals (SCs) using mGRASP male mice. Our previous study revealed spatially structured CA3 pyramidal cells (PCs). Surprisingly, parvalbumin-positive interneurons (PVs) showed...

Transgenic mice are a useful tool for exploring various aspects of gene function. A key element this approach is the targeted overexpression specific genes in cells or tissues. Herein, we report first time, generation and characterization conditional transgenic (cTg) lipocalin-2 (LCN2) expression. We generated R26-LCN2-transgenic (LCN2-cTg) that carried loxP-flanked STOP (neo) cassette, Lcn2 cDNA, GFP sequence. When bred with Tg expressing Cre recombinase under control tissues cell-specific...

Abstract Goal-directed tasks involve acquiring an internal model, known as a predictive map, of relevant stimuli and associated outcomes to guide behavior. Here, we identified neural signatures map task behavior in perirhinal cortex (Prh). Mice learned perform tactile working memory by classifying sequential whisker over multiple training stages. Chronic two-photon calcium imaging, population analysis, computational modeling revealed that Prh encodes stimulus features sensory prediction...

In Escherichia coli, isochorismate is a common precursor for the biosynthesis of siderophore enterobactin and menaquinone (vitamin K2). Isochorismate formed by shikimate pathway from chorismate enzyme synthase encoded entC gene. Since involved in aerobic assimilation iron, anaerobic electron transport, we investigated regulation iron oxygen. An operon fusion between with its associated regulatory region lacZ+ was constructed introduced into chromosome single copy. Expression entC-lacZ found...

The new disulfide Mn2(CO)6(μ-CO)(μ-S2), 1, has been obtained from the reaction of Mn2(CO)9(NCMe) with thiirane. Compound 1 contains two Mn(CO)3 groups joined by a Mn−Mn bond, bridging disulfido ligand, and one CO ligand. condenses upon to yield Mn4S4(CO)15, 2, but yields tetramanganese Mn4S2(CO)15(PMe2Ph)2, 4, SPMe2Ph in PMe2Ph.

The reaction of Mn(2)(CO)(7)(mu-S(2)), 1, with Pt(PPh(3))(2)(PhC(2)Ph) yielded the new complex, Mn(2)(CO)(6)Pt(PPh(3))(2)(mu(3)-S)(2), 3, by loss CO and insertion a Pt(PPh(3))(2) group into S-S bond 1. Complex 3 was characterized crystallographically found to consist an open Mn(2)Pt cluster one Mn-Mn bond, 2.8154(14) A, Mn-Pt 2.9109(10) two triply bridging sulfido ligands. Compound reacts form adduct Mn(2)(CO)(6)(mu-CO)Pt(PPh(3))(2)(mu(3)-S)(2), 4. 4 also contains ligands but has only...

A new gene (menF) encoding an isochorismate synthase specifically involved in menaquinone (vitamin K2) biosynthesis has been cloned and sequenced. Overexpression of the encoded polypeptide under influence a T7 promoter showed increase specific activity 2200-fold. Treatment with protamine sulfate resulted another 3.5-fold (7700-fold compared to parent strain). The relative molecular mass overexpressed protein was Mr 49 000, which is full agreement DNA sequence predicted 48777 Da. Purified...

Reaction of CpMoMn(CO)8 with elemental selenium and Me3NO in the absence light yielded diselenido complex CpMoMn(CO)5(μ-Se2), 2. Compound 2 contains a bridging ligand lying perpendicular to Mo−Mn bond, = 2.8421(10) Å. In presence room light, reaction tetranuclear metal Cp2Mo2Mn2(CO)7(μ3-Se)4, 3 (36% yield), (7% yield). reacted ethylene yield ethanediselenato CpMoMn(CO)5(μ-SeCH2CH2Se), 4, by insertion into Se−Se bond. also (PPh3)2Pt(PhC2Ph) CpCo(CO)2 complexes CpMoMnPt(PPh3)2(CO)5(μ3-Se)2, 5,...

A new gene (menF) encoding an isochorismate synthase specifically involved in menaquinone (vitamin K2) biosynthesis has been cloned and sequenced. Overexpression of the encoded polypeptide under influence a T7 promoter showed increase specific activity 2200-fold. Treatment with protamine sulfate resulted another 3.5-fold (7700-fold compared to parent strain). The relative molecular mass overexpressed protein was M(r) 49 000, which is full agreement DNA sequence predicted 48 777 Da. Purified...

The reaction of Mn(2)(CO)(9)(NCMe) with thiirane yielded the sulfidomanganese carbonyl compounds Mn(2)(CO)(7)(mu-S(2)), 2, Mn(4)(CO)(15)(mu(3)-S(2))(mu(4)-S(2)), 3, and Mn(4)(CO)(14)(NCMe)(mu(3)-S(2))(mu(4)-S(2)), 4, by transfer sulfur from to manganese complex. Compound 3 was obtained in better yield 2 CO, compound 4 is NCMe. PMe(2)Ph tetramanganese disulfide Mn(4)(CO)(15)(PMe(2)Ph)(2)(mu(3)-S)(2), 5, S=PMe(2)Ph. 5 Mn(4)(CO)(14)(PMe(2)Ph)(3)(mu(3)-S)(2), 6, ligand substitution. AsMe(2)Ph...

An Account of recent studies the chemistry new disulfido metal carbonyl complexes containing manganese is presented. The coordination ligands, nature reactions at atom(s) and insertion ligands are discussed.

The coenzyme A (CoA)- and ATP-dependent conversion of o-succinylbenzoic acid [OSB; 4-(2'-carboxyphenyl)-4-oxobutyric acid], to o-succinylbenzoyl-CoA is carried out by the enzyme synthetase. o-Succinylbenzoyl-CoA a key intermediate in biosynthesis menaquinone (vitamin K2) both gram-negative gram-positive bacteria. has been overexpressed purified homogeneity. was found have native molecular mass 185 kDa as determined gel filtration column chromatography on Sephacryl S-200. Sodium dodecyl...

Traditional manual percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) exposes operators to significant radiation and physical stress. The recently developed Advanced Vascular Intervention Assist Robot (AVIAR) 2.0 system in South Korea aimed overcome these issues by evaluating its safety feasibility a clinical setting.

The reaction of Mn(2)(CO)(7)(mu-S(2)) (2) with SMe(2) yielded the new complexes Mn(2)(CO)(6)(mu-S(2))(mu-SMe(2)) (3) and Mn(4)(CO)(14)(SMe(2))(mu(3)-S(2))(mu(4)-S(2)) (4) in 18 41% yields, respectively. 2 cyclic thioether thietane SCH(2)CH(2)CH(2) Mn(2)(CO)(6)(mu-S(2))(mu-SCH(2)CH(2)CH(2)) (5) Mn(4)(CO)(14)(SCH(2)CH(2)CH(2))(mu(3)-S(2))(mu(4)-S(2)) (6) 12 52% respectively, 1,4,9-trithiacyclododecane (12S3) Mn(2)(CO)(6)(mu-12S3)(mu-S(2)) (7) Mn(4)(CO)(14)(12S3)(mu(3)-S(2))(mu(4)-S(2)) (8) 8...

14-3-3γ plays diverse roles in different aspects of cellular processes. Especially the brain where is enriched, it has been reported to be involved neurological and psychiatric diseases (e.g. Williams-Beuren syndrome Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease). However, behavioral abnormalities related deficiency are largely unknown. Here, by using deficient mice, we found that homozygous knockout mice were prenatally lethal, heterozygous showed developmental delay relative wild-type littermate mice. In...

Astrocytes, the most abundant cell type in brain, are non-excitable cells and play critical roles brain function. Mature astrocytes typically exhibit a linear current–voltage relationship termed passive conductance, which is believed to enable maintain potassium homeostasis brain. We previously demonstrated that TWIK-1/TREK-1 heterodimeric channels mainly contribute astrocytic conductance. However, molecular identity of conductance still controversial needs be elucidated. Here, we report...