Biochemical and/or physical communication between the conceptus and uterine endometrium is required for implantation to maternal endometrium, leading placentation establishment of pregnancy. We previously reported that in vitro co-culture system with bovine trophoblast CT-1 cells, primary endometrial epithelial cells (EECs), flushings (UFs) mimics vivo attachment process. To identify molecules UFs responsible this change, we first characterized protein contents from day 17 cyclic (C17)...

In the course of experiments to identify and characterize factors that function in bovine conceptuses during peri-attachment periods, various transcripts related epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were found. this study, RNA was extracted from different sets days 17, 20, 22 (day 0=day estrous) subjected real-time PCR analysis as well Western blotting, which abundances N-cadherin (CDH2), vimentin, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (gelatinase A, 72 kDa gelatinase, type IV collagenase) (MMP2),...

The establishment of pregnancy requires bidirectional communication between the developing conceptus and uterine endometrium. aim this study was to establish an in vitro coculture system with bovine trophoblast cells epithelial (EECs) that mimics vivo attachment process. We previously reported expression interferon tau (IFNT), a major secretory product from trophectoderm, decreases changes chromatin structure when successfully attaches epithelium. Thus, IFNT is good marker assess whether has...

Following bidirectional communication, the conceptus and uterine epithelium must establish a proper cell-cell interaction, resulting in progression of implantation processes. To clarify mechanism attachment to endometrium, we studied whether vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM1) was expressed bovine conceptuses or endometrium during peri-attachment period. Uterine VCAM1 expression minimal day 17 (day 0=day estrus) cyclic pregnant animals, but increased between days 20 22 pregnancy. In...

Embryo implantation into the uterine endometrium is required for pregnancy establishment in most mammals. By using global expression analysis, we investigated molecules that are related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) noninvasive bovine trophoblasts and found transcription factor, ovo-like zinc finger 2 (OVOL2), which essential mesenchymal-epithelial various cancers, was down-regulated after trophoblast attachment endometrial epithelium utero. In cultured cells, OVOL2...

Embryo implantation is a highly orchestrated process that involves blastocyst-uterine interactions. This confined to defined interval during gestation referred as the "window of embryo receptivity". In mice this receptive period controlled by ovarian estrogen and coordination blastocyst adhesion competence uterine receptivity. Mechanisms coordinating acquisition receptivity are largely unknown. Here, we show indirectly regulates competence. Acquisition was attributed integrin activation...

In human trophoblast cells, cyclic AMP or its inducer forskolin (FSK) activates two downstream signaling molecules, protein kinase A (PKA) and exchange directly activated by cAMP (EPAC), both of which induce syncytialization, cell fusion, the production chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) progesterone. However, a transcription factor other than GCM1 molecular mechanisms associated with these events have not been well characterized. To identify novel factors involved in syncytialization...

Abstract Interferon tau (IFNT), produced for a short interval during early pregnancy by the ruminant embryonic trophectoderm, is essential maintenance of pregnancy, but mechanism which it transcriptionally regulated has not been fully determined. To identify transcription factor(s) involved in down‐regulation IFNT genes, mRNAs various known factors were investigated reverse‐transcriptase and real‐time PCR conceptus tissues collected on Days 15, 17, 21, or 20, 22 ovine bovine respectively. In...

A successful pregnancy depends on the blastocyst's implantation to maternal endometrium; however, initial interaction between blastocyst and uterine epithelium has not been well characterized. The objectives of this study were determine if selectins their ligands expressed in bovine conceptus and/or uterus during periattachment period whether associated with attachment epithelium. Through RNA-sequence analysis conceptuses Days 17, 20, 22 (Day 0 = day estrus), only SELL ligand, podocalyxin...

In ruminants, Interferon tau (IFNT) is the pregnancy recognition protein produced by mononuclear trophectoderm of conceptus, and secreted into uterine lumen during peri-attachment period. our previous study, high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data obtained from bovine conceptuses period identified two IFNT mRNAs, IFNT2 IFNTc1. However, how each these variants regulates endometrial gene expression has not been characterized. Using RNA-seq analysis, we evaluated IFNTc1 affected...

Interferon tau (IFNT), produced by the mononuclear trophectoderm, signals process of maternal recognition pregnancy in ruminants. However, its expression vivo and transcriptional regulation are not yet well characterized. Objectives this study were to determine conceptus IFNT gene isoforms expressed bovine uterus identify differences promoter sequences genes that differ their expression. RNA-seq data analysis conceptuses on days 17, 20, 22 (day 0 = day estrus) detected two transcripts, IFNT1...

Immunological tolerance between fetal allograft and mother is crucial for pregnancy establishment maintenance; however, these mechanisms particularly those during the latter part of have not been definitively elucidated. The aim this study was to examine presence potential function innate immunity characteristic middle late pregnancy. We first characterized up-regulated proteins in decidua from day 11 pregnant (P11) mice using 2D-PAGE, followed by MALDI-TOF/MS analysis. These analyses...

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is considered as a luteoprotective factor, influencing the corpus luteum during early pregnant period in bovine species. Cyclic AMP (cAMP) activated response to PGE2 and plays role many physiological processes. The maternal recognition signal, interferon τ (IFNT), induces secretion from endometrial epithelial cells, function of which stroma cells has not been completely understood. In this study, was found activate cAMP stromal (STRs). STRs were then treated with...

The early childhood period is a critical development stage, and experiencing stress during this time may increase the risk of gastrointestinal disorders, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Neonatal maternal separation (NMS) in rodent models has been shown to cause dysfunctions similar IBS, 5-HT considered be key regulator regulating intestinal function, but precise underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are involved in placentation; perhaps, the most well-known ERVs syncytins, actively transcribed env genes cell-cell fusion and possible morphological variations. However, other than syncytins that play an important role placental development have not been well characterized. To identify ERV expressed during onset of placentation bovine species, we characterized expression profiles conceptus transcripts peri-attachment period using RNA-seq analysis, confirming...

Pregnancy loss predominantly occurs during the first 3-4 weeks due to fertilization failure or early embryonic losses in cattle. Insufficient biochemical communication between conceptus (embryo plus extraembryonic membranes) and endometrium has been suspected as primary cause for losses. If molecules regulating this were identified, molecular mechanisms associated with pregnancy could be better understood. To identify candidate detection markers of non-pregnant females undergoing loss,...

Abstract Bovine primary uterine endometrial epithelial cells ( EECs ) are not ideal for long‐term studies, because lose hormone responsiveness quickly, and/or they tend to have a short life span. The aims of this study were establish immortalized bovine and characterize these following cultures. Immortalized established by transfecting retroviral vectors encoding human papillomavirus HPV E 6 7 , telomerase reverse transcriptase hTERT genes. Established imEECs showed the same morphology as...