The African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC) was created in 1995 to establish community-directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTi) order control onchocerciasis as a public health problem 20 countries that had 80 % of the global disease burden. When research showed CDTi may ultimately eliminate infection, APOC given 2008 additional objective determine when and where can be safely stopped. We report results epidemiological evaluations undertaken from 2014 assess progress towards...

Background Loiasis is a major obstacle to ivermectin treatment for onchocerciasis control and lymphatic filariasis elimination in central Africa. In communities with high level of loiasis endemicity, there significant risk severe adverse reactions treatment. Information on the geographic distribution Africa urgently needed but available information limited. The African Programme Onchocerciasis Control (APOC) undertook large scale mapping 11 potentially endemic countries using rapid...

The African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC) was created to control onchocerciasis as a public health problem in 20 countries. Its main strategy is community directed treatment with ivermectin. In order identify all high risk areas where ivermectin needed, APOC used Rapid Epidemiological Mapping of (REMO). REMO has now been virtually completed and we report the results two articles. present article reports mapping problem. companion geostatistical analysis data map endemicity...

Due to the socioeconomic impact of human onchocerciasis (commonly referred as river blindness) in West Africa, Onchocerciasis Control Programme Volta River Basin (OCP) was instituted [1]. This initial programme started 1975 and covered seven African countries: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cote d’Ivoire, Ghana, Mali, Niger, Togo. However, later evidence indicated that endemic areas outside area posed a threat achievement OCP and, hence, extended southward westward include four additional countries,...

Onchocerciasis can be effectively controlled as a public health problem by annual mass drug administration of ivermectin, but it was not known if ivermectin treatment in the long term would able to achieve elimination onchocerciasis infection and interruption transmission endemic areas Africa. A recent study Mali Senegal has provided first evidence after 15-17 years treatment. Following this finding, African Programme for Control (APOC) started systematic evaluation long-term impact projects...

The original aim of the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC) was to control onchocerciasis as a public health problem in 20 countries. In order identify all high risk areas where ivermectin treatment needed achieve control, APOC used Rapid Epidemiological Mapping (REMO). REMO involved spatial sampling villages be surveyed, and examination 30 50 adults per village palpable onchocercal nodules. has now been virtually completed we report results two articles. A companion article...

Background Onchocerciasis causes a considerable disease burden in Africa, mainly through skin and eye disease. Since 1995, the African Programme for Control (APOC) has coordinated annual mass treatment with ivermectin 16 countries. In this study, we estimate health impact of APOC associated costs from program perspective up to 2010 provide expected trends 2015. Methods Findings With data on pre-control prevalence infection population coverage treatment, simulated infection, blindness, visual...

One of the fundamental challenges that African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC) has had to face is how identify endemic communities where its mass ivermectin-treatment operations are be carried out in conformity with stated objective targetting most highly endemic, affected and at-risk populations. This it done by adopting a technique, known as rapid epidemiological mapping onchocerciasis (REMO), provides data on distribution prevalence onchocerciasis. Integration REMO into...

Since its inauguration in 1995, the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC) has made significant progress towards achieving main objective: to establish sustainable community-directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTI) onchocerciasis-endemic areas outside of remit West Africa (OCP). In year 2000, programme, partnership governments, non-governmental organizations and endemic communities themselves, succeeded treating 20,298,138 individuals 49,654 63 projects 14 countries. Besides...

Background: Glaucoma is one of the leading causes irreversible blindness worldwide and its early detection management can reduce prevalence visual impairment. The present study aims to assess level awareness about glaucoma in patients co-patients attending an eye hospital Khartoum State, Sudan. Methods: A cross-sectional was conducted from June December 2021 on a convenience sample 220 participants aged 18 71. Data were collected using standardized research tool, summarized numerically...

Community-directed treatment is a relatively new strategy that was adopted in 1997 by the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC), large-scale distribution of ivermectin (Mectizan). Participatory monitoring 39 control projects based on community-directed with (CDTI) undertaken from 1998-2000, focus process implementation and predictors sustainability. Data 14,925 household interviews 2314 villages, 183 complete records, 382 focus-group discussions, results 669 community leaders,...

The principal strategy adopted by the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC), control of onchocerciasis in 19 countries Africa that now fall within programme's remit, is community-directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTI). Halfway through its 12-year mandate, APOC has gathered enough information on main challenges to guide activities Phase 2. An analysis reports and other documents, emanating from consultants, scientists, monitors national project-level implementers, indicates...

Since its initiation in 1995, the African Program for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC) has had a substantial impact on prevalence and burden of onchocerciasis through annual ivermectin mass treatment. Ivermectin is broad-spectrum anti-parasitic agent that also an other co-endemic parasitic infections. In this study, we roughly assessed additional APOC activities most important off-target infections: soil-transmitted helminthiases (STH; ascariasis, trichuriasis, hookworm, strongyloidiasis),...

To determine the effects of ivermectin in annual, 3-monthly and 6-monthly doses on onchocercal skin p6isease (OSD) severe itching.A multicentre, double-blind placebo controlled trial was conducted among 4072 residents rural communities Ghana, Nigeria Uganda. Baseline clinical examination categorized reactive lesions as acute papular onchodermatitis, chronic onchodermatitis lichenified onchodermatitis. Presence severity itching determined by open-ended probing questions. Clinical interview...

Summary Objectives To assess the long‐term impact of African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control on itching and onchocercal skin disease (OSD). Methods Seven study sites in Cameroon, Sudan, Nigeria Uganda participated. Two cross‐sectional surveys were conducted communities meso‐ hyper‐endemic onchocerciasis before after 5 or 6 years community‐directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTI). Individuals asked about any general health symptoms including underwent full cutaneous examinations....

To evaluate onchocerciasis control activities in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) first 12 years community-directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTI).Data from National Programme for Onchocerciasis (NPO) provided by Task Force (NOTF) through annual reports 21 CDTI projects 2001-2012 were reviewed retrospectively. A hypothetical-inputs-process-outputs-outcomes table was constructed.Community-directed expanded 1968 communities 2001 to 39 100 2012 while number distributors (CDD) and health...

Adherence to antidiabetic medications is crucial for optimum glycemic control and decreasing complications. This study aimed assess adherence the associated factors among individuals with type 2 diabetes attending Jabir Abu Eliz Diabetes Centre in Khartoum state, Sudan.This was a descriptive cross-sectional study, recruited 213 diabetes, used pretested questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package of Social Sciences version 21. Logistic regression analysis check that linked...

Summary Objective As part of a baseline data collection for assessing the impact African Programme Onchocerciasis Control, to evaluate diethylcarbamazine (DEC) patch test in determining endemicity onchocerciasis. Method A total 226 untreated children aged 3–5, living four selected endemic foci, Cameroon, Gabon and Central Republic, were tested. Observed graded skin reactions analysed compared with prevalence onchocercal nodules reactive disease corresponding community. Results The proportion...

Onchocerciasis can be effectively controlled by annual mass treatment with ivermectin in endemic communities. However, communities that are for loiasis there may significant risk of severe adverse reactions after treatment. Planning control requires therefore mapping these two infections using rapid assessment tools developed each disease. These were initially implemented independently till the feasibility combining them was demonstrated. This paper reports results integrated four...

Clinical guidelines are systematically proven statements that help physicians to make healthcare decisions for specific medical conditions. Non-adherence clinical is believed contribute significantly poor delivery of care, and hence outcomes. This study aimed at investigating adherence doctors hypertension in Academy Charity Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan. A cross-sectional hospital-based was conducted during the period from January 2017 October on a sample 150 doctors. Adherence...

Abstract Objectives Onchocerciasis is one of the most devastating neglected tropical diseases and it mostly prevalent in Africa. The disease has important heavy social economic burdens on infected populations including low productivity, unemployment, isolation, stigma. A cross-sectional study was implemented using a well-established questionnaire to investigate socio-economic impacts elimination Abu-Hamed, River Nile State, Sudan 2015; 512 participants ten affected communities were...