A5031509032- Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Reading and Literacy Development
- Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Language Development and Disorders
- Action Observation and Synchronization
- Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Text Readability and Simplification
- Spatial Neglect and Hemispheric Dysfunction
- Child and Animal Learning Development
- EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
- Multisensory perception and integration
- Face Recognition and Perception
- Memory Processes and Influences
- Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills
- Second Language Acquisition and Learning
- Epilepsy research and treatment
- Categorization, perception, and language
- Language, Metaphor, and Cognition
- Writing and Handwriting Education
- S100 Proteins and Annexins
- Natural Language Processing Techniques
- Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation
University of Cambridge
2016-2025
MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit
2016-2025
Medical Research Council
2010-2024
Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
2020-2024
MRC Biostatistics Unit
1986-2020
Carnegie Mellon University
1996-2020
Southern California University for Professional Studies
1996-2020
University of Southern California
1996-2020
Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition
1996-2020
Bridge University
2016
This article provides a classification of primary progressive aphasia (PPA) and its 3 main variants to improve the uniformity case reporting reliability research results. Criteria for PPA--nonfluent/agrammatic, semantic, logopenic--were developed by an international group PPA investigators who convened on occasions operationalize earlier published clinical descriptions subtypes. Patients are first diagnosed with then divided into based specific speech language features characteristic each...
A connectionist approach to processing in quasi-regular domains, as exemplified by English word reading, is developed. Networks using appropriately structured orthographic and phonological representations were trained read both regular exception words, yet also able pronounceable nonwords well skilled readers. mathematical analysis of a simplified system clarifies the close relationship frequency spelling-sound consistency influencing naming latencies. These insights verified subsequent...
We report five patients with a stereotyped clinical syndrome characterized by fluent dysphasia severe anomia, reduced vocabulary and promment impairment of single-word comprehension, progressing to stage virtually complete dissolution the semantic components language. A marked reduction in ability generate exemplars from restricted categories (e.g. animals, vehicles, etc.) was consistent early feature. Tests memory demonstrated radically impoverished knowledge about range living man-made...
Wernicke (1900( , as cited in G. H. Eggert, 1977) ) suggested that semantic knowledge arises from the interaction of perceptual representations objects and words.The authors present a parallel distributed processing implementation this theory, which emerge mechanisms acquire mappings between visual their verbal descriptions.To test they trained model to associate names, descriptions, objects.When its inputs outputs are constructed capture aspects structure apparent attribute-norming...
The cortical anatomy of 6 patients with semantic dementia (the temporal lobe variant frontotemporal dementia) was contrasted that a group age-matched normal subjects by using voxel-based morphometry, technique identifies changes in gray matter volume on voxel-by-voxel basis. Among the circumscribed regions neuronal loss, left pole (Brodmann area 38) most significantly and consistently affected region. Cortical atrophy hemisphere also involved inferolateral 20/21) fusiform gyrus. In addition,...
<b><i>Objective:</i></b> To characterize and quantify the patterns of temporal lobe atrophy in AD vs semantic dementia to relate findings cognitive profiles. Medial is well described AD. In variant frontotemporal (semantic dementia), clinical studies suggest polar inferolateral with hippocampal sparing, but quantification largely lacking. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A volumetric method for quantifying multiple structures was applied 26 patients probable AD, 18 dementia, 21 matched control...
To determine the frequency of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology in patients presenting with progressive focal cortical syndromes, notably posterior atrophy (PCA), corticobasal syndrome (CBS), behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), non-fluent aphasia (PNFA) (or a mixed aphasia) and semantic (SD); to compare age onset, evolution prognosis presentations AD versus more typical those non pathology. From total 200 comprehensive prospective clinical pathological data we selected 120...
To estimate the lifetime risk, prevalence, incidence, and mortality of principal clinical syndromes associated with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) using revised diagnostic criteria including intermediate phenotypes.Multisource referral over 2 years to identify all diagnosed or suspected cases dementia (FTD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), corticobasal syndrome (CBS) in UK counties (population 1.69 million). Diagnostic confirmation used current consensus after interview...
Brain activity during reading tasks was investigated using PET. The aim to account for differences in the results of two previous studies [those Petersen et al. (Science 1990; 249: 1041–4) and Howard (Brain 1992; 115: 1769–82)] by systematically varying type task exposure duration word stimuli. Both variables strongly influenced patterns brain activity. There were three types task: (i) aloud; (ii) silently; (Hi) lexical decision on visually presented words pseudowords. Reading aloud silently...
Abstract A patient, JL, with the syndrome of semantic dementia was assessed longitudinally over a two-year period. The data presented here address controversy concerning hierarchical organisation memory. On range category fluency tests, when first tested JL just within normal on broadest categories animals and household items, but virtually unable to produce any instances specific such as breeds dog or musical instruments. Longitudinal for animal demonstrate that while continued most...
Abstract Studies of patients with brain damage suggest that specific regions may be differentially involved in representing/processing certain categories conceptual knowledge. With regard to the dissociation has received most attention—between domains living things and artifacts—a debate continues as whether these category-specific effects reflect neural implementation directly or some more basic properties organization. The present positron emission tomography (PET) study addressed this...
The processes required for object naming were addressed in a study of patients with semantic dementia (a selective decline memory resulting from progressive temporal lobe atrophy) and computational model single-word production. Although all are impaired both production comprehension, previous reports had indicated two different patterns: (a) parallel accuracy frequent errors, suggesting purely basis the anomia (b) dramatic without commensurate which might suggest mainly postsemantic source...
Semantic dementia refers to the variant of frontotemporal in which there is progressive semantic deterioration and anomia face relative preservation other language cognitive functions. Structural imaging SPECT studies such patients have suggested that site damage, by inference region critical processing, anterolateral temporal lobe, especially on left. Recent functional normal participants revealed a network areas involved tasks. The present study used PET examine consequences focal damage...
Abstract Objective The clinical and neuropathological categorization of patients presenting with progressive aphasia is an area controversy. This study aimed to characterize a large group aphasic from single center (n = 38), first clinically by case note review, then pathologically. Methods Hierarchical cluster analysis the cases according their language deficits was used establish unbiased, data‐driven classification. Results revealed two groups corresponding syndromes nonfluent 23)...
A great deal has been written about cognitive aspects of semantic dementia but little is known the demography or prognosis. We describe these features in a consecutive series 100 patients seen over 17-year period; all cases were assessed and followed up specialist clinic. The mean age at diagnosis was 64.2 (±7.1) range 40–79 years, 46 presented after 65 7 75; higher proportion than existing literature might predict. Fifteen had first-degree relative with dementia, seven this almost certainly...
Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) has been proposed to comprise 3 discrete clinical subtypes: semantic, agrammatic/nonfluent, and logopenic. Recent consensus recommendations suggest a diagnostic framework based primarily on neuropsychological findings classify these variants. Our objective was evaluate the extent which patients with PPA would conform tripartite system whether clustering pattern of elements linguistic profile suggests syndromes.A total 46 were prospectively recruited...
Abstract The syndromes caused by frontotemporal lobar degeneration have highly heterogeneous and overlapping clinical features. There has been great progress in the refinement of diagnostic criteria past decade, but we propose that a better understanding aetiology, pathophysiology symptomatic treatments can arise from transdiagnostic approach to phenotype brain morphometry. In cross-sectional epidemiological study, examined 310 patients with syndrome likely be degeneration, including...
Abstract Impaired social cognition is a core deficit in frontotemporal dementia (FTD). It most commonly associated with the behavioural-variant of FTD, atrophy orbitofrontal and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Social cognitive changes are also common semantic dementia, centred on anterior temporal lobes. The impairment behaviour FTD has typically been attributed to damage cortex and/or poles uncinate fasciculus that connects them. However, relative contributions each region unresolved. In...