The unprocessed precursor of the neurotrophin nerve growth factor (NGF), proNGF, has been suggested to be a death-inducing ligand for receptor p75. Whether proNGF is true pathophysiological that secreted, binds p75, and activates cell death in vivo , however, remained unknown. Here, we report after brain injury, was induced secreted an active form capable triggering apoptosis culture. We further demonstrate p75 disruption this binding results complete rescue injured adult corticospinal...

The field of exoskeletons and wearable devices for walking assistance rehabilitation has advanced considerably over the past few years. Currently, commercial contain joints with stiff actuators that cannot adapt to unpredictable environments. These consume more energy may not be appropriate human-machine interactions. Thus, adjustable compliant are being cautiously incorporated into new active orthoses. Some simulation-based studies have evaluated benefits incorporating such devices. Another...

Nerve growth factor (NGF) initiates its trophic effects by longrange signaling through binding, internalization, and transport of a ligand-receptor complex from the axon terminal to cell body.However, mechanism which retrograde NGF takes place has not been elucidated.Here we describe an interaction between Trk receptor tyrosine kinase 14 kDa light chain cytoplasmic dynein.After transfection in human embryonic kidney 293 cells, this dynein was found bind TrkA, TrkB, TrkC receptors.Mapping...

The extracellular region of the nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor, TrkA, contains two immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains that are required for specific ligand binding. We have investigated possible role these Ig-like in receptor dimerization and activation by using different mutants TrkA region. Deletions each domain, both, entire were made. To probe structural constraints on ligand-independent dimerization, chimeric receptors generated swapping third or fourth domain c-Kit. also introduced...

By analysing the dynamic principles of human gait, an economic gait-control analysis is performed, and passive elements are included to increase energy efficiency in motion control active orthoses. Traditional orthoses use position patterns from clinical gait analyses (CGAs) healthy people, which then de-normalized adjusted each user. These maintain a very rigid their cost high, reducing autonomy First, take advantage inherent dynamics legs, state machine pattern with different gains applied...

Lower-limb exoskeletons and powered orthoses in gait assistance applications for patients with locomotive disorders possess the potential to significantly affect society near future. This paper presents primary features of a lower-limb exoskeleton under development as an active orthosis enable paralysed children walk. Because these are unable move their limbs, device generates basic motions everyday life, e.g. standing up, sitting down stable ambulation. Novel this prototype include synergic...

To date, running robots are still outperformed by animals, but their dynamic behaviour can be described the same model. This coincidence means that biomechanical studies reveal much about adaptability and energy efficiency of walking mechanisms. In particular, animals adjust leg stiffness to negotiate terrains with different stiffnesses keep total leg-ground constant. this work, we aim provide one method identify ground-robot impedance so control applied emulate aforementioned animal...

Neurotrophins, such as nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor, activate Trk receptor tyrosine kinases through dimerization at the cell surface followed by autophosphorylation recruitment of intracellular signaling molecules. The pathways used neurotrophins share many common protein substrates that are other (RTK), Shc, Grb2, FRS2, phospholipase C-γ. Here we describe a novel RTK mechanism involves 220-kilodalton membrane tetraspanning protein, ARMS/Kidins220, which is...

The potential of lower-limb exoskeletons and powered orthoses in gait assistance applications for patients with locomotive disorders would have a terrific impact the society near future. This paper presents development main features lower limb exoskeleton being developed as an active orthosis to allow quadriplegic child walk. As patient is not able move any her limbs, device will produce basic motions everyday-life activities: stand up, sit down, walk stably. Synergic biarticular actuation...

Neurotrophins play many critical roles in regulating neuronal plasticity, survival, and differentiation the nervous system. recognize two different receptors, Trk receptor tyrosine kinase p75 neurotrophin receptor, which are associated closely. Several adaptor proteins with each receptor. An ankyrin-rich membrane spanning protein (ARMS), originally identified as a substrate for D (Kidins220) interacting protein, serves novel downstream target of kinases. Kidins220/ARMS is co-expressed...

Schwann cell factor 1 (SC1), a p75 neurotrophin receptor–interacting protein, is member of the positive regulatory/suppressor variegation, enhancer zeste, trithorax (PR/SET) domain-containing zinc finger protein family, and it has been shown to be regulated by serum neurotrophins. SC1 shows differential cytoplasmic nuclear distribution, its presence in nucleus correlates strongly with absence bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) these nuclei. Here, we investigated potential transcriptional activities...

Abstract The development of nervous system connectivity depends upon the arborization dendritic fields and stabilization spine synapses. It is well established that neuronal activity neurotrophin BDNF modulate these correlated processes. However, downstream mechanisms by which extrinsic signals regulate are less known. Here we report a substrate signaling, Ankyrin Repeat‐rich Membrane Spanning (ARMS) protein or Kidins220, plays critical role in branching cortical hippocampal dendrites...

Upon activation by nerve growth factor (NGF), TrkA is internalized, trafficked and sorted through different endosomal compartments. Proper trafficking sorting are crucial events as alteration of these processes hinders NGF‐mediated functions. However, it not fully known which proteins involved in the TrkA. Here we report that Nedd4‐2 regulates NGF functions sensory neurons. Depletion disrupts correct activated at early late endosome stages, resulting an accumulation compartments and, a...

The development of functional legged robots has encountered its limits in human-made actuation technology. This paper describes research on the biomimetic design legs for agile quadrupeds. A leg concept that extracts key principles from horse which are responsible and powerful locomotion these animals is presented. proposed model defines effective length, kinematics, limb mass distribution, actuator power, elastic energy recovery as determinants locomotion, values five elements given....