Alzheimer disease (AD) is a complex pathology related to multiple causes including oxidative stress. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) neutrotrophic essential for the survival and differentiation of neurons considered key target in pathophysiology various neurodegenerative diseases, as example AD. Contrarily BDNF, precursor form BDNF (proBDNF) induces apoptosis through specific interaction with p75 its co-receptor, Sortilin. We used hippocampal tissue cerebrospinal fluid from AD...

Evidence suggests that membrane depolarization is able to promote neuronal survival through a sustained, although moderate, increase in the intracellular calcium. We have used PC12 cell line study possible pathways can be activated by calcium influx. Previously, we observed depolarization-induced influx was activate extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK)/mitogen-activated protein pathway and most of this activation calmodulin-dependent. demonstrated part ERK due phosphorylation epidermal...

High-affinity iron uptake in Saccharomyces cerevisiae involves the extracytoplasmic reduction of ferric ions by FRE1 and FRE2 reductases. Ferrous are then transported across plasma membrane through FET3 oxidase-FTR1 permease complex. Expression high-affinity genes is induced upon deprivation. We demonstrate that AFT1 differentially involved such regulation. Aft1 protein required for maintaining detectable non-induced levels expression induction starvation conditions. On contrary, mRNA normal...

Abstract In order to characterize new yeast genes regulating cell proliferation, a number of overexpression‐sensitive clones have been isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae cDNA library in multicopy vector under the control GAL1 promoter, on basis growth arrest phenotype galactose‐induction conditions. Thirteen independent this way correspond previously known (predominantly coding for morphogenesis‐related proteins or multifunctional transcriptional factors), while remaining 11 represent...

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been recognized as key players in numerous physiological functions. These alter their compositions attuned to the health and disease states of organism. In men, significant changes proteomic composition(s) seminal plasma EVs (sEVs) already found be related infertility. Methods: this study, we analyze posttranslational configuration sEV proteomes from normozoospermic (NZ) men non-normozoospermic (non-NZ) diagnosed with teratozoospermia and/or...

It has been reported that phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) and its downstream target, protein kinase B (PKB), play a central role in the signaling of cell survival triggered by neurotrophins (NTs). In this report, we have analyzed involvement Ca2+ calmodulin (CaM) activation PKB induced NTs. We found reduction intracellular concentration or functional blockade CaM abolished NGF-induced PC12 cells. Similar results were obtained cultures chicken spinal cord motoneurons treated with...

Nerve growth factor is a member of the neurotrophin family trophic factors that have been reported to be essential for survival and development sympathetic neurons subset sensory neurons. exerts its effects mainly by interaction with specific receptor TrkA, which leads activation several intracellular signaling pathways. Once activated, TrkA also allows rapid moderate increase in calcium levels, would contribute triggered nerve In this report, we analyzed relationship Ras/extracellular...

6-Phosphofructo-2-kinase/Fructose-2,6-P2ase Gene Regulationa high carbohydrate diet or by insulin administration, respectively (13).The increase in mRNA that occurs with refeeding administration correlates the enzyme protein.Liver and skeletal muscle 6-PF-2-K/Fru-2,6-Pnase are generated alternative splicing of first exons a single gene, glucocorticoids regulate gene expression both isoenzymes.The amount 6-PF-2-K/Fru-2,6-P2ase its cognate is reduced livers adrenalectomized rats (14).Levels...

Fru-2,6-P2, fructose 2,6-bisphosphate; BPF-1-K, 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase; Fru-1,6-Pzase, fructose-1,B-bisphosphatase; Fru-6-P, 6-phosphate; Fru-1,6-P2, 1,6bisphosphate; 6PF-2-K/Fru-2,6-P2ase, 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/ fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase; kb, kilobase(s); BtTcAMP,

Neuron migration is a hallmark of nervous system development that allows gathering neurons from different origins for assembling functional neuronal circuits. Cortical inhibitory interneurons arise in the ventral telencephalon and migrate tangentially forming three transient migratory streams cortex before reaching final laminar destination. Although defects lead to disruption circuits are linked aspects psychiatric disorders such as autism schizophrenia, molecular mechanisms controlling...

Abstract: In the absence of neurotrophic factors, chronic depolarization plasma membrane has been shown to maintain several populations primary neurons in culture. We report that PC12 cell line, causes Ca 2+ influx through voltage‐gated channels, which is able stimulate extracellular‐regulated kinase (ERK) activity. studied mediators were responsible for ERK activation resulting from increased levels cytoplasm and found calmodulin was involved this process. The addition W13, a inhibitor,...

The metabolization curves for both ethanol and acetaldehyde after an acute intragastric or intravenous administration to the mother, have been studied. Metabolization of followed a very similar pattern in pregnant their control virgin rats, whereas levels derived from metabolism administered were significantly higher animals, this fact implying that, late gestation, there is decrease mother's capacity metabolism. At foetal side placenta, 150 min administration, concentration was that found...

The hormonal regulation of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase gene expression was studied in the rat hepatoma cell line FAO-1. Both 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase and fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase activities were detected FAO-1 cells, at 68% levels found liver. Northern blot analysis showed that like liver, contained a predominant species bifunctional enzyme mRNA, which is 2.2 kb size. A sensitive RNAase protection assay revealed presence cells an additional mRNA species, generated...

Abstract Both E2F1 and GSK3β have been described as essential targets in neuronal apoptosis. Previous studies demonstrated that binds to vivo . We wanted investigate whether these proteins could share a common apoptotic signal pathway cells. With this intention, we developed PC12 ER‐E2F1 stable cell line which activity was dependent on the presence of 4‐hydroxitamoxifen. activation produced apoptosis naive post‐mitotic cells; serum nerve growth factor respectively protected them from...

In recent decades, neurogenesis in the adult brain has been well demonstrated a number of animal species, including humans. Interestingly, work with rodents shown that dentate gyrus (DG) hippocampus is vital for some cognitive aspects, as increasing improves memory, while its disruption triggers opposite effect. Adult declines age and suggested to play role impaired progressive learning memory loss seen Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, therapeutic strategies designed boost hippocampal...

The Wolffian ducts (WD) are paired epithelial tubules central to the development of mammalian genitourinary tract. Outgrowths from WD known as ureteric buds (UB) generate collecting kidney. Later during development, caudal portion will form vas deferens, epididymis and seminal vesicle in males, degenerate females. While genetic pathways controlling UB firmly established, less is about those governing portions UB. Sprouty proteins inhibitors receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling vivo. We...

In contrast to mammalian erythrocytes, chicken erythrocytes contain fructose 2,6‐bisphosphate at levels (0.5 cells) similar those of 2,3‐bisphosphoglycerate (1.2 nmol/10 9 and slightly lower than glucose 1,6‐bisphosphate (5.2 cells). chick embryo the both are much lower. They begin increase hatching reach in a few days.

During nervous system development, the interplay between cell cycle regulation and neurogenesis is fundamental to achieve correct timing for neuronal differentiation. However, molecular players regulating this transition are poorly understood. Among these, cell-cycle regulatory cyclins their cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) play a pivotal role. In present work we uncover an unknown function of cyclin D1 (Ccnd1) during cortex development which independent that relies on its cytoplasmic...

The forebrain includes the cerebral cortex, thalamus, and striatum globus pallidus (GP) in subpallium. formation of these structures their interconnections by specific axonal tracts take place a precise orchestrated time spatial-dependent manner during development. However, knowledge molecular cellular mechanisms that are involved is rather limited. Moreover, while many extracellular cues receptors have been shown to play role different aspects nervous system development, including neuron...