Identifying natural variation of health-promoting compounds in staple crops and characterizing its genetic basis can help improve human nutrition through crop biofortification. Some varieties sorghum, a cereal grown worldwide, have high concentrations proanthocyanidins 3-deoxyanthocyanidins, polyphenols with antioxidant anti-inflammatory properties. We quantified total phenols, proanthocyanidins, 3-deoxyanthocyanidins global sorghum diversity panel (n = 381) using near-infrared spectroscopy...

Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is an important cereal crop for dryland areas in the United States and small-holder farmers Africa. Natural variation of sorghum grain composition (protein, fat, starch) between accessions can be used improvement, but genetic controls are still unresolved. The goals this study were to quantify natural identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with concentrations. In study, we quantified protein, starch a global diversity panel using...

Obesity and type 2 diabetes are associated with increased production of Galectin-3 (Gal-3), a protein that modulates inflammation clearance glucose adducts. We used Lean Diet-induced Obese (DIO) WT Gal-3 KO mice to investigate the role in modulation adiposity, metabolism inflammation. Deficiency lead age-dependent development excess adiposity systemic inflammation, as indicated by elevated acute-phase proteins, number circulating pro-inflammatory Ly6Chigh monocytes neutrophilia, microcytic...

Abstract Genome-wide association studies are a powerful method to dissect the genetic basis of traits, although in practice effects complex architecture and population structure remain poorly understood. To compare mapping strategies we dissected control flavonoid pigmentation traits cereal grass sorghum by using high-resolution genotyping-by-sequencing single-nucleotide polymorphism markers. Studying grain tannin trait, find that general linear models (GLMs) not able precisely map tan1-a,...

Galectins (Gal) exert many activities, including regulation of inflammation and adipogenesis. We evaluated modulation Gal-1, -3, -9 -12 in visceral (VAT) subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissue mice.We used two mouse models obesity, high-fat diet induced obesity (DIO) ob/ob mice. also the response Gal-1 KO mice to DIO.Both age modulated expression galectins, with DIO having higher serum Gal-3 versus lean after 13-17 weeks diet. In there was a progressive increase Gal-9 SAT, whereas increased both...

As diet is one of the major controllable factors in cancer development, potentially chemopreventive foods are significant interest to public health. One such food sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), a cereal grain that contains varying concentrations polyphenols. In panel 15 germplasm, we identified strains with higher polyphenol content than previously reported for this grain. Bran extracts from germplasm highest and lowest were then tested against HepG2 Caco2 cells assess effects on cell viability,...

Abstract Vitamin A deficiency is one of the most prevalent nutritional deficiencies worldwide. Sorghum [ bicolor L. (Moench)] a major cereal crop consumed by millions people in regions with high vitamin deficiency. We quantified carotenoid concentrations diverse sorghum panel using high‐performance liquid chromatography and conducted genome‐wide association study (GWAS) grain carotenoids to identify genes underlying variation. There was moderate variation for β‐carotene (00.8 μg g −1 ),...

Abstract Winter canola ( Brassica napus L.) is highly sensitive to increasing temperatures during the reproductive and pod‐filling stages. Although impact of high day‐time temperature stress on yield quality has been documented in canola, similar information under night‐time (HNT) not available. Using six hybrids four open‐pollinated cultivars, we observed a marked shift peak flowering towards earlier, cooler hours morning HNT. Averaged across two independent experiments, photochemical...

ABSTRACT Obesity increases severity of acute pancreatitis and risk pancreatic cancer. Pancreatitis obesity are associated with elevated IL-6, a cytokine involved in inflammation tumorigenesis. We studied the role IL-6 response lean obese mice to induced by IL-12 + IL-18. Lean diet-induced (DIO) WT KO ob/ob pretreated anti-IL-6 antibodies were evaluated at Days 1, 7, 15 after induction pancreatitis. Prolonged elevation serum visceral adipose tissue was observed DIO versus mice, whereas...

Abstract Background Crop biofortification is a successful strategy to ameliorate Vitamin A deficiency. Sorghum good candidate for vitamin biofortification, as it staple food in regions with high prevalence of β-carotene—the main provitamin carotenoid—is below the target concentration sorghum grain, therefore breeding required. Previous studies found evidence that carotenoid variation oligogenic, suggesting marker-assisted selection can be an appropriate method. However, we hypothesize...

Abstract Leptin-deficient ob/ob mice are resistant to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and Concanavalin A (Con A)-induced hepatitis. However, the signal transduction pathways involved have not been identified. The present study investigated effect of leptin-induced STAT3 signaling in DSS Con models. Mice carrying a leptin receptor (LEPR) gene mutant for Y1138 (s/s mice), with abrogated signaling, were compared wild-type (WT) LEPR-deficient db/db mice. Administration s/s resulted...

Consumption of polyphenol‐rich food is associated with decreased risk oxidative stress‐related chronic diseases. Sorghum, a major and feed cereal crop, has many polyphenol‐containing accessions high antioxidant activity in the grain. However, these are not high‐yielding or food‐grade varieties. The natural variation sorghum grain polyphenols can be used to develop high‐yielding, health‐promoting specialty types through marker‐assisted breeding. To identify new antioxidant‐rich germplasm, we...

Abstract Background Genetic improvement of pearl millet is lagging behind most the major crops. Development genomic resources expected to expedite breeding for improved agronomic traits, stress tolerance, yield, and nutritional quality. Genotyping a population with high throughput markers enables exploration genetic diversity, structure, linkage disequilibrium (LD) which are important preludes marker-trait association studies application genomic-assisted breeding. Results...

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) is a promising target for pro-vitamin A biofortification as it global staple crop, particularly in regions where vitamin deficiency prevalent. As with most cereal grains, carotenoid concentrations are low sorghum, and breeding could be feasible strategy to increase carotenoids biologically relevant concentrations. However, there knowledge gaps the biosynthesis regulation of sorghum grain carotenoids, which can limit effectiveness. The aim this research...

Obesity increases severity of acute pancreatitis (AP) by unclear mechanisms. We investigated the effect PPAR-gamma agonist rosiglitazone (RGZ, 0.01% in diet) on AP induced administration IL-12+ IL-18 male C57BL6 mice fed a low fat (LFD) or high diet (HFD), under hypothesis that RGZ would reduce disease HFD-fed obese animals. In both LFD and HFD without AP, significantly increased body weight % mass, with significant upregulation adiponectin suppression erythropoiesis. survival hastened...

Anthocyanins, a sub-class of flavonoids, are natural pigments known to have functional health benefits. Sorghum is rich source various phytochemicals including anthocyanins. This study was identify and quantify the profiles anthocyanins by HPLC-DAD in selected 25 sorghum accessions with phenotypic pericarp pigments. The predominant found sorghums were 3-deoxyanthocyanidins unique leuteolinidin apigeninidin analogs. high levels total red PI297139 brown PI221723, followed PI35038 yellow...

This study sought to characterize and compare anti-inflammatory effects of twenty sorghum accessions with contrasting grain polyphenol concentrations but similar genetic backgrounds (based on a genomewide estimate relatedness). Cell viability, tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α , interleukin- (IL-) 6 were measured in RAW 264.7 macrophages treated increasing doses (0, 15, 30, 60 μ g/mL) ethanol extracts stimulated lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Extract dose had significant effect TNF- IL-6, trend...

Antimicrobial resistance in bacterial pathogens associated with bovine mastitis and human foodborne illnesses from contaminated food water have an impact on animal health. Phenolic compounds antimicrobial properties some specialty sorghum grains are high phenolic compounds, the grain extract may potential as a natural alternative. The study’s objective was to determine effects of that cause illnesses. Bacterial tested included Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, Campylobacter jejuni,...