The precentral gyrus (M1) is a representative target for electrical stimulation therapy of pain. To date, few researchers have investigated whether pain relief possible by cortical areas other than M1. According to recent reports, repetitive transcranial magnetic (rTMS) can provide an effect similar that stimulation. With this in mind, we therefore examined several as targets using navigation-guided rTMS and compared the effects different on Twenty patients with intractable deafferentation...

Object A brain-machine interface (BMI) offers patients with severe motor disabilities greater independence by controlling external devices such as prosthetic arms. Among the available signal sources for BMI, electrocorticography (ECoG) provides a clinically feasible long-term stability and low clinical risk. Although ECoG signals have been used to infer arm movements, no study has examined its use control in real time. The authors present an integrated BMI system of hand using patient who...

✓ The authors tested a modified motor cortex stimulation protocol for treatment of central and peripheral types deafferentation pain. Four patients with thalamic pain four were studied. Preoperative pharmacological tests relief performed using phentolamine, lidocaine, ketamine, thiopental, placebo. In five we placed 20- or 40-electrode grid in the subdural space to determine best point few weeks before definitive placement four-electrode array. three patients, array was implanted...

Object The authors previously reported that navigation-guided repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the precentral gyrus relieves deafferentation pain. Stimulation parameters were 10 trains 10-second 5-Hz TMS pulses at 50-second intervals. In present study, they used various frequencies and compared efficacies between two types lesions. Methods Patients divided into groups: those with a cerebral lesion noncerebral lesion. rTMS was applied to all patients 1, 5, Hz as sham...

Central post-stroke pain (CPSP) is one of the most common types intractable pain. We reported that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) primary motor cortex relieves for patients who were refractory to medical treatment. But mechanism unclear. In present study, we investigated relations between characteristics CPSP and results fiber tracking, which only noninvasive method evaluating anatomical connectivity white matter pathways. Fiber tracking corticospinal tract (CST)...

Central poststroke pain (CPSP) is one of the most refractory chronic syndromes. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) primary motor cortex has been demonstrated to provide moderate relief for CPSP. However, mechanism underlying remains unclear. The objective this study was assess changes in cortical excitability patients with intractable CPSP before and after rTMS cortex. Subjects were 21 hand who underwent rTMS. resting threshold, amplitude evoked potential, duration silent...

Electrocorticogram (ECoG) has great potential as a source signal, especially for clinical BMI. Until recently, ECoG electrodes were commonly used identifying epileptogenic foci in situations, and such low-density large. Increasing the number density of recording channels could enable collection richer motor/sensory information, may enhance precision decoding increase opportunities controlling external devices. Several reports have aimed to channels. However, few studies discussed actual...

To treat intractable deafferentation pains, we prefer stimulation of the primary motor cortex (M1). The methods utilize are electrical and repetitive transcranial magnetic (rTMS). In our department, first attempt rTMS, if this rTMS is effective, recommend patient to undergo procedures for (MCS). A 90% intensity resting threshold setting used treatment. study ten trains 5Hz 10 seconds (50 interval) were applied M1, S1, pre-motor supplementary areas. Only M1 was effective pain reduction in 20...

Child development is seriously affected by social interactions with caregivers, which may lead to forming minds in our daily life afterward. However, the underlying neural mechanism for such has not yet been revealed. This article introduces a magnetoencephalographic (MEG) hyperscanning system examine brain-to-brain between mother and her child. We used two whole-head MEG systems placed same magnetically-shielded room. One 160-channel gradiometer an adult other 151-channel developed...

Object. To enhance visual confirmation of regional anatomy, endoscopy was introduced during microsurgery for cerebral aneurysms. The risks and benefits are analyzed in the present study. Methods. endoscopic technique used 54 aneurysms 48 patients. Forty-three were located anterior circulation 11 posterior circulation. Thirty-eight (70.4%) had not ruptured. All ruptured series produced Hunt Hess Grade I or II subarachnoid hemorrhage. After initial exposure achieved with aid a microscope,...

Marine myxobacteria are rare culture-resistant microorganisms, several strains of which have been identified by research groups in Asia. Paraliomyxa miuraensis, a slightly halophilic myxobacterium discovered Japan, produces the cyclic hybrid polyketide-peptide antibiotics known as miuraenamides A and B, whose taxonomical biological characteristics reported previously. Herein, we describe chemical characterization these two introduce four new members miuraenamide family. We carried out...

The aim of this study was to investigate the differential responses primary auditory cortex stimuli in autistic spectrum disorder with or without hypersensitivity. Auditory-evoked field values were obtained from 18 boys (nine and nine hypersensitivity) 12 age-matched controls. Autistic hypersensitivity showed significantly more delayed M50/M100 peak latencies than control. M50 dipole moments group larger those other two groups [corrected]. correlated severity hypersensitivity; furthermore,...

Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) reportedly show deficits in sensory processing addition to motor symptoms. However, little is known about the effects of bilateral deep brain stimulation subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) on temperature sensation as measured by quantitative testing (QST). This study was designed quantitatively evaluate STN-DBS and pain PD patients. We conducted a QST comparing cold sense thresholds (CSTs) warm (WSTs) well cold-induced heat-induced (CPT HPT) 17 patients 14...

Abstract Studies on brain-machine interface techniques have shown that electrocorticography (ECoG) is an effective modality for predicting limb trajectories and muscle activity in humans. Motor control studies also identified distributions of “extrinsic-like” “intrinsic-like” neurons the premotor (PM) primary motor (M1) cortices. Here, we investigated whether predicted from ECoG were obtained based signals derived extrinsic-like or intrinsic-like neurons. Three participants carried objects...

Nude mice exhibit athymia and hairlessness by a loss-of-function mutation in the transcription factor Foxn1 gene. Although immunological functions of have been studied intensively, there relatively few studies its skin. regulates expression hair keratins, which is essential for normal structure; however, how keratin formation largely unknown. In present study, we found that lacking phospholipase C (PLC)-delta1, key molecule phosphoinositide signaling pathway, nude show similar abnormalities,...

OBJECTIVE Regulation of obesity development is an important issue to prevent metabolic syndromes. Gene-disrupted mice phospholipase Cδ1 (PLCδ1), a key enzyme phosphoinositide turnover, seemed show leanness. Here we examined whether and how PLCδ1 involved in obesity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Weight gain, insulin sensitivity, rate PLCδ1−/− were compared with PLCδ1+/− littermate on high-fat diet. Thermogenic adipogenetic potentials immortalized brown adipocytes adipogenesis PLCδ1-knockdown...

Object The authors tested a modified motor cortex stimulation (MCS) protocol for the treatment of deafferentation pain in 15 patients: eight patients with poststroke pain, four brachial plexus injury, two phantom limb and one spinal cord injury. Methods Preoperative pharmacological tests were performed phentolamine, lidocaine, ketamine, thiopental, morphine, placebo. In 12 we placed 20– or 40–grid electrode subdural space to determine best point relief over few weeks therefore optimum...

Purpose: Noninvasive localization of certain brain functions may be mapped on a millimetre level. However, the interelectrode spacing common clinical surface electrodes still remains around 10 mm. Here, we present details development for attaining higher quality electrocorticographic signals use in functional mapping and brain-machine interface (BMI) technologies. Methods: We used platinum-plate-electrodes 1-mm diameter to produce sheet after creation individualized molds using 3-D printer...

Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) may provide new communication channels and motor function to individuals with severe neurodegenerative diseases, but little is known about their interests in such devices. We investigated the of severely affected ALS patients BMIs, examined factors that might influence these interests. conducted an anonymous, mail-back questionnaire survey disabled diagnosed using revised El Escorial criteria. Thirty-seven responded questionnaire. Twenty-nine (78.4%) had...

BackgroundGB001, a DP2 antagonist, may inhibit recruitment and activation of inflammatory cells in patients with asthma, consequently reducing airway inflammation.ObjectiveExplore the efficacy safety GB001 adults mild to moderate asthma.MethodsDuring 4-week run-in period, adult asthma (N = 158) received medium-dose inhaled corticosteroid placebo were then randomized treatment once daily 5 mg, 20 or for 16 weeks until worsening/exacerbation. Patients tapered discontinued from low-dose at...

An acyl-CoA hydrolase, referred to as hBACH, was purified from human brain cytosol. The enzyme had a molecular mass of 100 kDa and 43-kDa subunits, highly active with long-chain acyl-CoAs, e.g. maximal velocity 295 micromol/min/mg K(m) 6.4 microM for palmitoyl-CoA. Acyl-CoAs carbon chain lengths C(8-18) were also good substrates. In cytosol, 85% palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase activity titrated by an anti-BACH antibody, which accounted over 75% the found in tissue. cDNA isolated when expressed...