We have previously cloned chondroitin 6-sulfotransferase (C6ST) cDNA from chick embryo chondrocytes. C6ST catalyzes sulfation of chondroitin, keratan sulfate, and sialyl N-acetyllactosamine oligosaccharides. In this study, we report the cloning characterization a novel sulfotransferase that sulfate. This new clone was obtained human fetal brain library by cross-hybridization with cDNA. The contains single open reading frame predicts type II transmembrane protein composed 411 amino acid...

Abstract Background The skin is chronically exposed to endogenous and environmental pro-oxidant agents, leading the harmful generation of reactive oxygen species. Antioxidant vital substances which possess ability protect body from damage cause by free radicals induce oxidative stress. Alpinia zerumbet , a traditionally important economic plant in Okinawa, contains several interesting bioactive constituents possesses health promoting properties. In this regard, we carried out test inhibitory...

Chondroitin 6-sulfotransferase (C6ST) catalyzes the transfer of sulfate from 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate to position 6 N-acetylgalactosamine residue chondroitin. The enzyme has been purified previously apparent homogeneity serum-free culture medium chick chondrocytes. also catalyzed sulfation keratan sulfate. We have now cloned cDNA enzyme. This contains a single open reading frame that predicts protein composed 458 amino acid residues. Type II transmembrane topology similar other...

N-Acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase (GalNAc4S-6ST) transfers sulfate from 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate to position 6 of N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc(4SO4)) in chondroitin and dermatan sulfate. We have previously purified the enzyme apparent homogeneity squid cartilage. report here cloning characterization human GalNAc4S-6ST. The strategy for identification GalNAc4S-6ST consisted of: 1) determination amino acid sequences peptides derived GalNAc4S-6ST, 2)...

Chondroitin 4-sulfotransferase (C4ST) catalyzes the transfer of sulfate from 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate to position 4 <i>N</i>-acetylgalactosamine residue chondroitin. The enzyme has been previously purified apparent homogeneity serum-free culture medium rat chondrosarcoma cells (Yamauchi, A., Hirahara, Y., Usui, H., Takeda, Hoshino, M., Fukuta, Kimura, J. and Habuchi, O. (1999) <i>J. Biol. Chem</i>. 274, 2456–2463). also catalyzed sulfation partially desulfated dermatan sulfate....

ABSTRACT The E loci in Bombyx mori are expected to contain a homeotic gene complex specifying the identities of larval abdominal segments. However, molecular structure this remains be determined. We have started analyze structural changes mutations. used three newly isolated homeobox genes as probes. These probably homologues Ultrabiihorax (Ubx), ab-dominal-A (abd-A) and Abdominal-B (Abd-B) Drosophila bithorax complex, because amino-acid sequences regions these almost identical those genes....

Abstract Momilactones A (MA) and B (MB) are phytoalexins derived from rice plant (Oryza sativa) were considered to be a part of the mechanism self-defense system. The present study was evaluate comparative efficacies in vitro antibacterial, fungicidal, antioxidant, herbicidal activities MA MB. In general, MB shows higher antifungal, action than MA, although its antioxidant property less MA. trial, IC50 values against germination, shoot root elongation barnyardgrass monochoria 40.9, 45.5,...

From gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), numerous plant growth inhibitors were found in the rhizome and root exudates of cogongrass, one most problematic weeds world. iso-Eugenol, iso-ferulic acid, linoleic ferulic vanillin major chemicals (88.1-392.2 microg/g fresh root), while 4-acetyl-2-methoxyphenol was principle substance (872.6 microg/plant) exudates. In fields, use cutting plowing reduced weed biomass density cogongrass >70%. However, alternative invasion beggar tick might...

The beneficial effects of the phytochemical compounds in fruits and vegetables have been extrapolated mainly from vitro studies or short-term dietary supplementation studies. Recent approaches using animal models Caenorhabditis elegans are becoming quite popular, this regard Alpinia zerumbet leaf extract (ALP) on C. lifespan were investigated under both normal stress conditions. ALP significantly increased, mean by 22.6%, better than positive control, resveratrol. Furthermore, thermal...

The POU domain is a highly conserved region found in number of transcription factors and products developmental control genes. We report here the isolation characterization domain-containing cDNA (POU-M1) from middle silk gland Bombyx mori. It encodes protein with identical to that Drosophila Cf1-a protein. By mobility shift nuclease protection assays, POU-M1 putative factor 3 (SGF-3) were interact an indistinguishable manner SC (positions -204 -183) sericin-1 gene, key cis-acting element...

Oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is the principal risk factor for development atherosclerosis. In this study, we used several methods to investigate ability acetone extract from rhizomes, stems, leaves, flowers, pericarps and seeds Alpinia zerumbet inhibit atherosclerosis in vitro. The seed had strongest activity against tyrosinase, pancreatic lipase (PL), 15-lipoxygenase (15-LO) LDL oxidation activities (IC₅₀ = 2.30 ± 0.02, 5.00 0.07, 1.29 0.07 15.40 0.86 μg/mL, respectively),...

Chondroitin 4-sulfotransferase, which transfers sulfate from 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate to position 4 of N-acetylgalactosamine in chondroitin, was purified 1900-fold apparent homogeneity with 6.1% yield the serum-free culture medium rat chondrosarcoma cells by affinity chromatography on heparin-Sepharose CL-6B, Matrex gel red A-agarose, 3',5'-ADP-agarose, and second CL-6B. SDS-polyacrylamide electrophoresis enzyme showed two protein bands. Molecular masses these were 60 64 kDa...

We have previously found that the purified chondroitin 6-sulfotransferase (C6ST), which transfers sulfate from 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to position 6 of N-acetylgalactosamine in chondroitin, catalyzed sulfation keratan sulfate, and both C6ST activity sulfotransferase (KSST) were expressed COS-7 cells when cDNA was transfected. In this report we describe some properties KSST contained C6ST, characterize sulfated products formed partially desulfated sulfate. Optimal pH,...

In Okinawa, leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala de Wit) has great potential as animal feed for its high protein content, but use been limited owing to the presence of mimosine (β-[N-(3-hydroxy-4-pyridone)]-α-aminopropionic acid) which, when ingested, causes diseases in animals. A detoxifying enzyme, mimosinase, was purified from leaves and cDNA cloned based on amino acid sequence. During essential oil production fiber isolation alpinia (Alpinia zerumbet), large volumes solid squeezed wastes are...

Neuraminidase is a rational target for influenza inhibition, and the search neuraminidase inhibitors has been intensified. Mimosine, nonprotein amino acid, was first time identified as inhibitor with an IC(50) of 9.8 ± 0.2 μM. It found that mimosine had slow, time-dependent competitive inhibition against neuraminidase. Furthermore, small library tetrapeptides (M-A(1)-A(2)-A(3)) synthesized by solid-phase synthesis assayed to evaluate their tyrosinase inhibitory properties. Most showed better...

We have previously shown that chondroitin 6-sulfotransferase (C6ST) catalyzes transfer of sulfate not only to position 6 GalNAc residue but also Gal keratan sulfate. In this study, we examined the sulfation sialyl lactosamine oligosaccharides by C6ST. C6ST catalyzed NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc (SLN), NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-3Ga1β1-4GlcNAc (SL1L1), NeuAcα2-3Ga1β1-4(6-sulfo)GlcNAcβ1-3(6-sulfo)Galβ1-4(6-sulfo)GlcNAc (SL2L4), and their desialylated derivatives, NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-4(Fucα1-3)GlcNAc...

This is the first report showing that kava lactones are plant and fungus growth inhibitors. Aqueous extract of roots showed high allelopathic potential strongly suppressed germination lettuce, radish, barnyardgrass, monochoria. Nine were detected using GC-MS including desmethoxyyagonin, kavain, 7,8-dihydrokavain, hydroxykavain, yagonin, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroxyyagonin, methysticin, dihydromethysticin, 11-hydroxy-12-methoxydihydrokavain. Quantities dihydromethysticin 4.3, 6.9, 18.6, 5.7, 1.4, 5.4...