Correct identification of the origins herbal medical products is becoming increasingly important in tandem with growing interest alternative medicine. However, visual inspection raw material still most widely used method, and newer scientific approaches are needed. To develop a more objective efficient tool for discriminating origins, particularly Korean Chinese, we employed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics approach combined an orthogonal projections to latent...

We demonstrate a remote microwave/radio frequency (RF) transfer technique based on the stabilization of fiber link using fiber-loop optical-microwave phase detector (FLOM-PD). This method compensates for excess fluctuations introduced in by direct comparison between optical pulse train reflected from site and local microwave/RF signal FLOM-PD. enables sub-fs resolution long-term stable while having wide timing detection range less demand dispersion compensation. The demonstrated fractional...

As the rapid expansion of future mobility systems increases, along with demand for fast and accurate X-ray security inspections, deep neural network (DNN)-based have gained significant attention detecting prohibited items by constructing high-quality datasets enhancing detection performance. While Generative AI has been widely explored across various fields, its application in DNN-based inspection remains largely underexplored. The accessibility commercial raises safety concerns about...

When a channel consists of line-of-sight (LoS) path as well non-LoS components, codebook design for state information (CSI) quantization is required to take account both them. However, the conventional requires infinitely many optimal codebooks corresponding all possible Rician factors, which impossible in practice. In this regard, we propose an effective adaptive any while guaranteeing comparable performance codebook. Contrary approaches, adaptation factors suffices by sharing only single...

Abstract Recently, new types of base editors, C-to-G editors (CGBEs), that enable cytosine transversions are unachievable with (CBEs) and adenosine (ABEs), have been developed in human cells. However, despite their importance crop genome editing, the efficacy CGBEs has not yet extensively evaluated. In our study, based on previously reported plant-compatible CBE CGBE, we demonstrated monocot (PcCGBEs) (C-to-G) rice protoplasts. For all targets tested, PcCGBEs (monocot CGBEs) appeared to...

Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP(3)R) is a major intracellular Ca(2+) channel, modulated by many factors in the cytosolic and lumenal compartments. Compared with control, lumenal-side regulation has been much less studied, some of its mechanistic aspects have controversial. Of particular interest regard to are whether it involves direct interactions between IP(3)R regulators, conformational changes regions IP(3)R. To understand these mechanisms, we studied effects two important...

We characterize the timing jitter spectral density of time-of-flight (TOF) in indoor atmospheric transfer optical pulse train over 10 decades Fourier frequency range (10 μHz - 100 kHz) with sub-100-as resolution using a balanced cross-correlator (BOC). Based on well-known theory for laser beam, we could fit measured power to and analyze it fairly good agreement from 20 mHz Hz range. Moreover, demonstrate that BOC-based stabilization method can suppress excess fluctuations >200 fs (rms) 2.6...

We present the phase-locked loop (PLL)-based metrology concept using lensed fibers for on-machine surface topography measurement. The shape of a single-mode fiber at endface was designed an ABCD matrix method, and two fibers—the ball type tapered type—were fabricated, performance evaluated, respectively. As result, interferometric fringe not found in case fiber, but machined could be measured by utilization autofocusing intensity methods. On other hand, very clear Fizeau observed fiber. Its...

In recent years, UAV-enabled wireless energy transfer (WET) has attracted significant attention for its ability to provide efficient and stable power ground devices by flexibly navigating 3-dimensional (3-D) space utilizing the favorable line-of-sight (LoS) channels. Meanwhile, beamforming multiple antennas been touted as a key technology substantially enhance radio frequency (RF)-based WET efficiency focusing beams towards in desirable directions. However, design systems not studied,...

Recently, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-enabled wireless power transfer (WPT) has received great attention as a promising technology for providing stable to energy-constrained devices by navigating three-dimensional (3D) space, particularly in challenging environments such maritime networks and smart cities. Additionally, UAV-enabled radar sensing gained significant key future 6G networks, it enables high-accuracy various applications, target detection tracking, surveillance, environmental...

In recent years, UAV-enabled wireless energy transfer (WET) has attracted significant attention for its ability to provide ground devices with efficient and stable power by flexibly navigating three-dimensional (3D) space utilizing favorable line-of-sight (LoS) channels. At the same time, beamforming multiple antennas, in which beams are focused toward desirable directions, been highlighted as a key technology substantially enhancing radio frequency (RF)-based WET efficiency. Despite...

A two-stage precoder is widely considered in frequency division duplex massive multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) systems to resolve the channel feedback overhead problem. In MIMO systems, users on a network can be divided into several user groups of similar spatial antenna correlations. Using precoder, outer reduces dimensions mitigating inter-group interferences at first stage, while inner eliminates smaller intra-group second stage. this case, dimension effective reduced by...

Energy beamforming takes center stage in radio frequency (RF)-enabled wireless energy transfer (WET) systems. In this letter, we study multi-user to minimize the overall charging time for harvesting users (EHUs) with different requirements. order lessen cost and power consumption by reducing required RF chains, it is of consequence figure out low-rank optimal beamforming. By analyzing an upper bound on rank a minimum-rank solution, develop method from formulated semi-definite programming...

최근 대량의 IoT (Internet of Things) 장치들에게 에너지를 지속적으로 공급하기 위해 RF 기반의 무선에너지 전송이 주목받고 있다. 본 논문에서는 Rician 페이딩 채널에서 LoS 성분과 factor만을 활용한 사용자들의 에너지 요구량에 따른 채널 통계기반의 빔포밍 기법들을 제안한다. Reccently, (Radio frequency) based wireless energy tranfser has attracted attention to continuously provide massive devices. This paper proposes channel statistics beamforming schemes with demand users by exploiting only component and factor in fading channel.

최근 IoT 장치들의 배터리를 무선으로 충전하는 RF 기반의 무선 에너지 전송에 관한 연구가 큰 주목을 받고 있다. 본 논문에서는 사용자들이 충전 해야 하는 에너지양에 따라 네트워크의 전체 사용자가 모두 충전하는데 걸리는 시간을 저감할 수 있는 낮은 복잡도의 다중 사용자 빔포밍을 제안한다. Recently, RF-based wireless energy transfer (WET) that wirelessly charges the batteries of devices has been great attention. In this paper, we propose low-complexity multi-user beamforming can reduce overall charging time for all users network according to amount be charged.

Abstract Chromogranin‐derived peptides have important and varied biological activities. They affect a wide spectrum of targets such as fungal membranes, blood vessels, myocardial cells, pancreatic cells. Despite the significance diverse activities, molecular mechanisms interactions between target proteins not been well understood. Here, we studied interaction chromogranin A–derived peptide (CGA40–65) its protein, calmodulin, with NMR spectroscopy. Calmodulin was easily prepared standard...

Low-earth orbit (LEO) satellites based low-power Internet of Things (IoT) service has attracted attention to provide the hyper-space communication networks in 6G communication. In this paper, we study regression pilot design for estimation and compensation Doppler effect caused by high-speed mobility LEO satellite.

A two-stage precoder is a widely considered strategy that solves the feedback overhead problem in frequency division duplex (FDD) massive MIMO systems because an outer reduces dimension of effective channel, which fed back to base station (BS) for inner design. In this paper, we proposed dimension-optimized design considering quantization cases when adopted with limited feedback. important both inter-group interference (IGI) and same group (SGI) cancellations, amount overhead. Moreover,...

Free Space Optics (FSO)-based UAV-enabled wireless power transfer (WPT) relay systems have emerged as a key technology for 6G networks, efficiently providing continuous to Internet of Things (IoT) devices even in remote areas such disaster recovery zones, maritime regions, and military while addressing the limited battery capacity UAVs through FSO fronthaul link. However, harvested at ground depends on displacement diameter beam spot reaching UAV, well UAV trajectory, which affects both link...

This paper presents the phase locked loop-based metrology concept using lensed fibers for on-machine surface topography measurement. The shape of a single mode fiber at endface was designed an ABCD matrix method and two fibers, ball type tapered type, were fabricated its performance evaluated, respectively. In order to achieve measurement tophography with high resolution, each characterized under following conditions; small beam spot size, long working distance coupling efficiency. A piece...