A5010054883- Plant and animal studies
- Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics
- Species Distribution and Climate Change
- Plant Parasitism and Resistance
- Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Genetic diversity and population structure
- Plant Diversity and Evolution
- Plant Reproductive Biology
- Plant responses to elevated CO2
- Plant Molecular Biology Research
- Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
- Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions
- Scientific Computing and Data Management
- Botany and Plant Ecology Studies
- Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
- Greenhouse Technology and Climate Control
- Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Data Analysis with R
- Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
- Ecology and biodiversity studies
- Turfgrass Adaptation and Management
- Genetic and Environmental Crop Studies
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
2019-2024
University of Wisconsin–Madison
2023-2024
University of Hawaii System
2019-2024
University of British Columbia
2014-2022
Indiana University Bloomington
2009-2016
Google (United States)
2015
Brown University
2009
Kansas State University
2009
Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research
2009
Like many species, the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana exhibits multiple different life histories in natural environments. We grew mutants impaired signaling pathways field experiments across species' native European range order to dissect mechanisms underlying this variation. Unexpectedly, mutational loss at loci implicated cold requirement for flowering had little effect on history except late-summer cohorts. A genetically informed photothermal of progression toward explained most...
Ecologically important traits do not evolve without limits. Instead, evolution is constrained by the set of available and viable phenotypes. In particular, natural selection may only favour a narrow range adaptive optima within selective regimes. Here, I integrate data with theory to test whether explains phenotypic constraint. A global database 599 plant species from 94 families shows that stomatal ratio, trait affecting photosynthesis defence against pathogens, highly constrained. Most...
Abstract Natural selection on photosynthetic performance is a primary factor determining leaf phenotypes. The complex CO 2 diffusion path from substomatal cavities to the chloroplasts – mesophyll conductance ( g m ) limits rate in many species and hence shapes variation morphology anatomy. Among sclerophyllous succulent taxa, structural investment leaves, measured as dry mass per area LMA ), has been implicated decreased . However, herbaceous taxa with high , it less certain how impacts...
Every species experiences limits to its geographic distribution. Some evolutionary models predict that populations at range edges are less well adapted their local environments due drift, expansion load, or swamping gene flow from the interior. Alternatively, near might be uniquely marginal environments. In this study, we use a database of transplant studies quantify performance broad scales test how adaptation, site quality, and population quality change spatial climatic centers toward...
Summary In most plants, stomata are located only on the abaxial leaf surface (hypostomy), but many plants have both surfaces (amphistomy). High light and herbaceous growth form been hypothesized to favor amphistomy, these hypotheses not rigorously tested together using phylogenetic comparative methods. I leveraged a large dataset including stomatal ratio, Ellenberg indicator value, relationships for 372 species of British angiosperms. used methods test how and/or influence ratio density....
Abstract Adaptive evolution requires both raw genetic material and an accessible path of high fitness from one peak to another. In this study, we used introgression line (IL) population map quantitative trait loci (QTL) for leaf traits thought be associated with adaptation precipitation in wild tomatoes (Solanum sect. Lycopersicon; Solanaceae). A QTL sign test showed that several likely evolved under directional natural selection. Leaf correlated across species do not share a common basis,...
Species barriers, expressed as hybrid inviability and sterility, are often due to epistatic interactions between divergent loci from two lineages. Theoretical models indicate that the strength, direction, complexity of these genetic can strongly affect expression interspecific reproductive isolation rates at which new species evolve. Nonetheless, empirical analyses have not quantified frequency with involved in affecting fitness, whether predominantly interact synergistically or...
The two "rules of speciation"—the Large X‐effect and Haldane's rule—hold throughout the animal kingdom, but underlying genetic mechanisms that cause them are still unclear. Two predominant explanations—the "dominance theory" faster male evolution—both have some empirical support, suggesting basis these rules is likely multifarious. We revisit one historical explanation for rules, based on dysfunctional interactions involving genes recently moved between chromosomes. suggest gene movement...
Theory predicts that natural selection should favor coordination between leaf physiology, biochemistry and anatomical structure along a functional trait spectrum from fast, resource-acquisitive syndromes to slow, resource-conservative syndromes. However, the hypothesis has rarely been tested at phylogenetic scale most relevant for understanding rapid adaptation in recent past or prediction of evolutionary trajectories response climate change. We used common garden examine genetically based...
The acquisitive-conservative axis of plant ecological strategies results in a pattern leaf trait covariation that captures the balance between construction costs and growth potential. Studies evaluating within species are scarcer, have mostly dealt with variation response to environmental gradients. Little work has been published on intraspecific patterns absence strong variation.
Plants must regulate leaf temperature to optimize photosynthesis, control water loss and prevent damage caused by overheating or freezing. Physical models of energy budgets calculate the fluxes temperatures for a given set environmental parameters. These can provide deep insight into variation in form function, but there are few computational tools available use these models. Here I introduce new R package called tealeaves make complex budget accessible broader array plant scientists. This...
Genome-scale scans have revealed highly heterogeneous levels of divergence between closely related taxa in many systems. Generally, a small number regions show high differentiation, with the rest genome showing no or only low divergence. These patterns been interpreted as evidence for ongoing speciation-with-gene-flow, introgression homogenizing whole except loci involved reproductive isolation. However, selected increases, probability at unselected decreases unless there is transmission...
Hybrid incompatibilities contribute to reproductive isolation between species, allowing them follow independent evolutionary trajectories. Since hybrid are by definition deleterious, they cannot be selected for directly and must arise as a by-product of divergence. Divergent resolution duplicate genes, special case Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibilities, is one mechanism which incompatibility can evolve. Following whole-genome duplication, loss gene copies could possibly increase the...
Adult leaf fenestration in "Swiss cheese" plants (Monstera Adans.) is an unusual shape trait lacking a convincing evolutionary explanation. Monstera are secondary hemiepiphytes that inhabit the understory of tropical rainforests, where photosynthesis from sunflecks often makes up large proportion daily carbon assimilation. Here I present simple model leaf-level and whole-plant canopy dynamics stochastic light environment. The demonstrates can reduce variance plant growth thereby increase...
Summary Leaf optical properties impact leaf energy balance and thus temperature. The effect of development on mid‐infrared (MIR) reflectance, hence thermal emissivity, has not been investigated in detail. We measured a suite morphological characteristics, as well directional‐hemispherical reflectance from ultraviolet to infrared wavelengths (250 nm 20 µm) leaves five temperate deciduous tree species over the 8 wk following spring emergence. By contrast at shorter wavelengths, shape magnitude...
Abstract Stomata regulate the supply of CO2 for photosynthesis and rate water loss out leaf. The presence stomata on both leaf surfaces, termed amphistomy, increases photosynthetic rate, is common in plants from high light habitats, rare otherwise. In this study I use optimality models based energy budget to ask why amphistomy habitats. developed an R package leafoptimizer solve stomatal traits that optimally balance carbon gain with a given environment. model predicts because its marginal...
Abstract Premise The adaptive significance of amphistomy (stomata on both upper and lower leaf surfaces) is unresolved. A widespread association between open, sunny habitats suggests the benefit may be greatest in these contexts, but this hypothesis has not been tested experimentally. Understanding informs its potential as a target for crop improvement paleoenvironment reconstruction. Methods We developed method to quantify “amphistomy advantage” () log‐ratio photosynthesis an amphistomatous...
Photosynthesis is co-limited by multiple factors depending on the plant and its environment. These include biochemical rate limitations, internal external water potentials, temperature, irradiance carbon dioxide ( CO2 ). Amphistomatous leaves have stomata both abaxial adaxial leaf surfaces. This feature considered an adaptation to alleviate diffusion limitations in productive environments as path length from stomate chloroplast effectively halved amphistomatous leaves. Plants may also reduce...
Habitat restoration may depend on the recovery of plant microbial symbionts such as arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, but this requires a better understanding rules that govern their community assembly. We examined interactions soil and host-associated AM fungal communities between remnant restored patches subtropical montane forests. While richness did not differ habitat types, membership was influenced by geography, host. These differences were largely driven rare host-specific fungi...
Although traditionally separated by different aims and methodologies, research on agricultural evolutionary problems shares a common goal of understanding the mechanisms underlying functionally important traits. As such, in both fields offers potential complementary reciprocal insights. Here, we discuss adaptive stress responses (specifically to water stress) as an example potentially fruitful reciprocity, where has clearly produced advances that could benefit studies, while studies offer...
Plant ecophysiology is founded on a rich body of physical and chemical theory, but it challenging to connect theory with data in unambiguous, analytically rigorous reproducible ways. Custom scripts written computer programming languages (coding) enable plant ecophysiologists model processes fit models reproducibly using advanced statistical techniques. Since many lack formal education, we have yet adopt unified set coding principles standards that could make easier learn, use modify. We...
• Epistasis, the nonadditive interaction between loci, is thought to play a role in many fundamental evolutionary processes, including adaptive differentiation and speciation. Focusing on species differences ecophysiological traits, we examined strength direction of pairwise epistatic interactions target chromosomal regions from one species, when co-introgressed into genetic background foreign species. A full diallel cross was performed using 15 near-isogenic lines (NILs) constructed two...
The West-Brown-Enquist (WBE) metabolic scaling theory posits that many organismal features scale predictably with body size because of selection to minimize transport costs in resource distribution networks. Many exponents are quarter-powers, as predicted by WBE, but there also biologically significant deviations could reflect adaptation different environments. A central untested prediction the WBE model is wide deviation from optimal penalized, leading a pattern constraint on exponents....
Abstract Trait integration arises through both selection on functional coordination and shared developmental pathways. Different anatomical components must work well develop together to generate individuals with the appropriate physiology survive reproduce in their environment. In this study, we used a common garden experiment Bayesian multilevel models test whether stomatal anatomy coordinates leaf gas exchange, Rubisco kinetics, size across 10 closely related species of Limonium from...