A5019545267- Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics
- Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- Solar Radiation and Photovoltaics
- Astro and Planetary Science
- Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies
- Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing
- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
- Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
- Calibration and Measurement Techniques
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Astronomy and Astrophysical Research
- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Infrared Target Detection Methodologies
- Astronomical Observations and Instrumentation
- Impact of Light on Environment and Health
- Infection Control and Ventilation
- Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research
- History and Developments in Astronomy
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Climate Change and Health Impacts
- CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors
- Optical Polarization and Ellipsometry
- Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques
Astronomical Observatory of Rome
2016-2025
National Institute for Astrophysics
2014-2024
Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania
2023
Astronomical Observatory
2020
National Institute of Optics
2018
University of California, Los Angeles
2015
The lack of long and reliable time series solar spectral irradiance (SSI) measurements makes an accurate quantification contributions to recent climate change difficult. Whereas earlier SSI observations models provided a qualitatively consistent picture the variability, by SORCE satellite suggest significantly stronger variability in ultraviolet (UV) range changes visible near-infrared (NIR) bands anti-phase with cycle. A number chemistry-climate model (CCM) simulations have shown that this...
The uninterrupted measurement of the total solar irradiance during last three cycles and an increasing amount spectral measurements as well imaging observations (magnetograms photometric data) have stimulated development models attributing variations to surface magnetism. Here we review current status modelling efforts based on photospheric magnetic fields. Thereby restrict ourselves study from days cycle. Phenomenological atmosphere in combination with electromagnetic radiation field...
The European Solar Telescope (EST) is a project aimed at studying the magnetic connectivity of solar atmosphere, from deep photosphere to upper chromosphere. Its design combines knowledge and expertise gathered by physics community during construction operation state-of-the-art telescopes operating in visible near-infrared wavelengths: Swedish 1m (SST), German Vacuum Tower (VTT) GREGOR, French T\'elescope H\'eliographique pour l'\'Etude du Magn\'etisme et des Instabilit\'es Solaires...
Abstract. The solar forcing prepared for Phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) has been used extensively in climate model experiments and tested various intercomparison studies. Recently, an International Space Science Institute (ISSI) working group established to revisit recommendations, based on lessons learned from CMIP6, assess new datasets that have become available, order define a road map building revised extended historical dataset upcoming 7 CMIP. This paper...
Full-disc observations of the Sun in Ca ii K line provide one longest collections solar data. First such were made 1892 and since then various sites around world have carried out regular observations, with Kodaikanal, Meudon, Mt Wilson, Coimbra being some most prominent ones. By now, from over 40 different allow an almost complete daily coverage last century. images direct information on plage network regions and, through their connection to surface magnetic field, offer excellent...
Abstract Chromospheric differential rotation is a key component in comprehending the atmospheric coupling between chromosphere and photosphere at different phases of solar cycle. In this study, we therefore utilize newly calibrated multidecadal Ca ii K spectroheliograms (1907–2007) from Kodaikanal Solar Observatory (KoSO) to investigate using technique image cross-correlation. Our analysis yields chromospheric rate Ω( θ ) = (14.61 ± 0.04–2.18 0.37 <?CDATA ${\sin }^{2}\theta -1.10\pm...
With the increasing concern about climate change, it is important to have accurate information on individual contributions by potential driving agents, solar variability being one of them. Long and reliable records irradiance, which describe radiative energy input into system, are essential for assessing role Sun. The short temporal extent (since 1970s) direct space-based irradiance measurements leaves reconstructions past with help models as only avenue. Such require surface distribution...
Various observatories around the globe started regular full-disk imaging of solar atmosphere in Ca ii K line early decades 20th century. The archives made by these observations have potential providing far more detailed information on magnetism than just sunspot number and area records to which most studies activity irradiance changes are restricted. We evaluate image quality contents three spectroheliogram time series, specifically those obtained digitization Arcetri, Kodaikanal, Mt Wilson...
Reconstructions of past irradiance variations require suitable data on solar activity. The longest direct proxy is the sunspot number, and it has been most widely employed for this purpose. These data, however, only provide information surface magnetic field emerging in sunspots, while a evolution bright features, specifically faculae/plage network, missing. This can potentially be extracted from historical full-disc observations Ca II K line. We have analysed over 100,000 images 8 digitised...
We derive the plage area evolution over last 12 solar cycles employing data from all Ca II K archives available publicly in digital form known to us, including several as yet unexplored archives. analyse more than 290,000 full-disc observations 43 datasets spanning period 1892-2019. All images were consistently processed with an automatic procedure that performs photometric calibration (if needed) and limb-darkening compensation. The processing also accounts for artefacts plaguing many of...
Solar UV$-$C photons do not reach Earth's surface, but are known to be endowed with germicidal properties that also effective on viruses. The effect of softer UV$-$B and UV$-$A photons, which copiously the viruses instead little studied, particularly single$-$stranded RNA Here we combine our measurements action spectrum Covid$-$19 in response UV light, irradiation Earth during SARS$-$CoV$-$2 pandemics, worldwide recorded mortality data 'Solar$-$Pump' diffusive model epidemics show (a)...
The Carrington event is considered to be one of the most extreme space weather events in observational history within a series magnetic storms caused by interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) from large and complex active region (AR) emerged on solar disk. In this article, we study temporal spatial evolutions source sunspot visual aurorae, compare storm with other basis their evolution. Sunspot drawings Schwabe, Secchi, describe position morphology AR at that time. Visual auroral...
The Sun's polar magnetic field is pivotal in understanding solar dynamo processes and forecasting future cycles. However, direct measurements of the only available since 1970s. chromospheric Ca II K network index (PNI; fractional area regions above a certain latitude) has recently emerged as reliable proxy for fields. In this study, we derive PNI estimates from newly calibrated, rotation-corrected observations Kodaikanal Solar Observatory (1904-2007) modern data Rome Precision Photometric...
The polar magnetic field plays a crucial role in the solar dynamo model and contributes to predicting future cycles. However, continuous direct measurements of this have been available only since 1976, with data provided by Wilcox Solar Observatory (WSO). Recent findings suggest that Ca ii K Polar Network Index (PNI) can serve as promising proxy for estimating Sun. In study, we aim reconstruct pre-1976 period leveraging from Kodaikanal (KoSO; 1904-2007) modern observations Rome Precision...
The provision of solar forcing datasets for CMIP7 includes a dataset with scenarios from the present to 2300. This contains daily values same variables as in historical CMIP7, namely: spectral irradiance, medium energy electrons, energetic protons and galactic cosmic rays. In contrast CMIP6, which had only two scenarios, we will provide large ensemble avoid selection bias.Let us stress that are providing not forecasts: reconstructions vary randomly time, but their statistical properties...
Back in 2017, solar forcing recommendations for the 6th round of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) were provided which covered, first time, all relevant irradiance and energetic particle contributions. Since then, this dataset has been extensively used climate model experiments tested various intercomparison studies. Further, new datasets have come available. An International Space Sciene Institute (ISSI) Working Group established to review these recent achievements order define...
Abstract The Sun’s polar magnetic field is pivotal in understanding solar dynamo processes and forecasting future cycles. However, direct measurements of the have only been available since 1970s. chromospheric Ca ii K network index (PNI; fractional area regions above a certain latitude) has recently emerged as reliable proxy for fields. In this study, we derive PNI estimates from newly calibrated, rotation-corrected observations Kodaikanal Solar Observatory (1904–2007) modern data Rome...
Bipolar emerging flux regions (EFRs) form active (ARs) that generally evolve into a pre-existing magnetic environment in the solar atmosphere. Reconfiguration of small- and large-scale connectivities is invoked to explain plethora energy-release phenomena observed at sites EFRs. These include brightening events, surges, jets, whose triggers relationships are still unclear. In this context, we study formation proto-spot AR NOAA 11462 by analyzing spectropolarimetric spectroscopic measurements...
Aims.We have analyzed the contrast of facular features identified in a large dataset PSPT full-disk photometric images and SoHO/MDI magnetograms, obtained from 1998 to 2005. The aim this work is contribute improvement semi-empirical atmospheric models irradiance studies understand reasons for controversial results already presented literature.
Abstract In this paper, the present status of development design European Solar Telescope is described. The telescope devised to have best possible angular resolution and polarimetric performance, maximizing throughput whole system. To that aim, adaptive optics multi‐conjugate are integrated in optical path. system will possibility correct for diurnal variation distance turbulence layers, by using several deformable mirrors, conjugated at different heights. distributes elements along path...
We describe the evolution of magnetic and velocity fields in annular zone around a pore few hours before formation its penumbra. detected presence several patches at edge zone, with typical size about 1''. These are characterized by rather vertical field polarity opposite to that pore. They correspond regions plasma upflow up 2.5 km s−1 radially outward displacements horizontal velocities 2 s−1. interpret these features as portions lines returning beneath photosphere being progressively...
Context. Flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are solar phenomena that not yet fully understood. Several investigations have been performed to single out their related physical parameters can be used as indices of the magnetic complexity leading occurrence.
We reassess the relationship between photospheric magnetic field strength and Ca II K intensity for a variety of surface features as function position on disc solar activity level. This can be used to recover unsigned from images recorded in core line. have analysed 131 pairs high-quality, full-disc, near-co-temporal observations SDO/HMI Rome/PSPT spanning half cycle. To analytically describe observationally-determined relation, we considered three different functions: power law with an...
Although theoretically predicted, the simultaneous excitation of several resonant modes in sunspots has not been observed. Like any harmonic oscillator, a solar magnetic flux tube can support variety resonances, which constitute natural response system to external forcing. Apart from few single low order eigenmodes small scale structures, were found extremely large sunspots. Here we report detection largest-scale coherent oscillations observed sunspot, with spectrum significantly different...