The social capital literature has focused on the functional and structural properties of relations, partially neglecting way in which they are experienced by individuals. Drawing anthropological theory, this article distinguishes two ideal-typical forms — reciprocity trust based meaning relations that embed them. Reciprocity is type embedded within personal triply defined factual, temporal dimensions co-presence, memory, respectively. Trust with strangers, condition impersonality or...

Abstract Background and aims Evidence from high‐income countries has linked duration compliance with treatment for substance use disorders (SUDs) reductions in improvements mental health. Generalizing these findings to other regions like South America, where opioid injection drug is uncommon, not straightforward. We examined if length of time reduced subsequent presence psychiatric comorbidities. Design Prospective cohort analysis (3 assessments, 18 months) using inverse probability...

Abstract Using Latinobarometer survey data, we study the evolution of religious identities among adult populations 17 Latin American countries between 1996 and 2013. We find several interesting patterns. First, current landscape is highly dynamic becoming increasingly pluralist a majority countries. Changes derive not only from growth Evangelicals, as commonly assumed, but also sharp rise in irreligious individuals. Second, change cannot be convincingly explained by important theories such...

Being involved in bullying as a victim or perpetrator could have deleterious health consequences. Even though there is some evidence that bullies and victims of higher risk for drug use, less known about bystanders. The aim this research was to study the association between experience (as victims, bullies, bystanders) substance use. We gathered complete information from nationally representative sample 36,687 students (51.4% female) attending 756 schools Chile. used self-reported...

Drought stress conditions (DC) reduce plant growth and nutrition, restraining the sustainable reestablishment of Nothofagus dombeyi in temperate south Chilean forest ecosystems. Ectomycorrhizal symbioses have been documented to enhance nitrogen (N) phosphorus (P) uptake under drought, but regulation involved assimilative enzymes remains unclear. We studied 1-year-old N. (Mirb.) Oerst. plants association with ectomycorrhizal fungi Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch. Descolea...

Interventional cardiology procedures usually imply high doses to the staff, as paediatric cardiologists need stay closer patient than during adult procedures. Also, biplane systems are used that an additional source of staff doses. The objective this paper is measure scatter in four X-ray systems, using polymethyl methacrylate phantoms with thicknesses ranging from 4 16 cm simulate patients, for different acquisition modes. Scatter dose rates measured at position cardiologist's eyes ranged...

Bullying is a major problem worldwide and Chile no exception. defined as systematic aggressive behavior against victim who cannot defend him or herself. Victims suffer social isolation psychological maladjustment, while bullies have higher risk for conduct problems substance use disorders. These appear to last over time. The KiVa antibullying program has been evaluated in Finland other European countries, showing preventive effects on victimization self-reported bullying. aims of this study...

The Covid-19 pandemic has reached almost every corner of the world. Despite historical development, approval, and distribution vaccines in some countries, non-pharmaceutical interventions will remain an essential strategy to control until a substantial proportion population immunity. There is increasing evidence devastating social economic effects pandemic, particularly on vulnerable communities. Individuals living urban informal settlements are structurally disadvantaged position cope with...

Panel surveys are widely used in sociology to examine life-course trajectories and assess causal effects. However, when using panel data researchers usually assume that the act of measuring respondents' attitudes behaviors has no effect on attributes being measured or accuracy reports about those attributes. Evidence from cognitive psychology, marketing research, political science other fields suggests this assumption may not be warranted. Using a rigorous experimental design, we magnitude...

In the Chilean school system, classrooms are stable settings and constitute a closed socialization context. Through multilevel analysis, this article examines association between classroom composition students' marijuana consumption. Under theoretical assumption that social control mechanisms work into learning peer processes, our results indicate that, as an imposed environment, may encourage or discourage use among students. The suggest individual is strongly associated with bonding...

Chilean temperate rainforests have unique climatic, edaphic and biotic conditions, constituting pre-industrial blueprint ecosystems. Mycorrhizal associations play a central role in the biogeochemical processes of these ecosystems´ functioning. Baseline forest ecology studies are necessary order to better understand diversity patterns, specifically regarding mycorrhizal symbiosis. Therefore, here we described vegetation characteristics relationships vascular plants Nothofagus pumilio forest....

This study analyses the ethnic identification of children mixed couples among Mapuche group in Chile using census data. The are characterized by high exogamy, providing an extreme case Latin American pattern tolerance towards intermarriage. We find that is although it tends to weaken outside native homeland. Furthermore, education does not increase classification group. These findings contravene only Brazilian whitening but also predictions assimilation theories, and suggest a process...

Abstract Background Few studies in Latin America have explored mental disorder among young offenders, or variables associated with it. Aims Our aim was to test for associations between childhood adversity substance misuse and psychiatric disorders offenders. Methods Sentenced adolescent offenders were recruited from offenders' institutions community centres provided by the Chilean National Service Minors. Psychiatric assessed using Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, conducted...

Microbiología IntroducciónL a química del agua de precipitación en áreas montañosas sur Chile, refleja una las aproximaciones más cercanas la condición pre-industrial 1 .Sin embargo, el aumento sostenido actividad agrícola y ganadera, con aplicación purines, puede influir forma significativa tanto atmósfera, suelo, como escorrentía superficial napas freáticas 2 .El sitios agropecuarios representa gran parte volumen total los desechos generados por actividades lecheras ganaderas, 46% residuos...

Journal Article Evaluation of patient doses and lens radiation to interventional cardiologists in a nationwide survey Chile Get access Carlos Ubeda, Ubeda * 1Medical Technology Department, Study Center Radiological Sciences (CECRAD), Health Faculty CHIDE, Tarapaca University, Arica, *Corresponding author: cubeda@uta.cl Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Eliseo Vano, Vano 2Radiology Complutense University Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del...