Bilinguals often outperform monolinguals on executive function tasks, including tasks that tap cognitive flexibility, conflict monitoring, and task-switching abilities. Some have suggested bilinguals also greater working memory capacity than comparable monolinguals, but evidence for this suggestion is mixed. We therefore conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis the effects of bilingualism capacity. Results from 88 effect sizes, 27 independent studies, 2,901 participants revealed significant...

How flexible is bilingual language control and how does it adapt to the linguistic context of a conversation? We address this by looking at pattern switch costs in contexts involving mostly use dominant or non-dominant language. This affected switching patterns: was equally costly for both languages (L1) context, while harder weaker (L2) context. Also, naming latencies each were contexts: only L1 led slower latter finding also present when LPC component, which may reveal differences way...

Monolingualism has typically been understood as a homogeneous phenomenon. The linguistic experiences of monolinguals are usually overlooked when analysing the impact foreign language on processing and cognitive functioning. In this study, we analyse 962 English-speaking individuals from United Kingdom (UK) who identified monolinguals. Through an online survey, found that more than 80% these had learned at least one language, dialect, or type jargon. More half also used languages they some...

The moral foreign-language effect (MFLE) suggests biases present when making decisions in the native language are not foreign language. However, literature using explicit dilemmas shows inconsistent findings. study investigates whether MFLE has its origin reduced emotion hypothesis. Instead of typically employed paradigms, we utilize an implicit paradigm, avoiding conscious processing. Chinese–English bilinguals completed association test (Experiment 1) and evaluative priming task 2) their...

Does a bilingual’s language environment, whether L1- or L2-dominant, modulate their use of control mechanisms in speech production? The language-switching task (LST) typically assesses two indices control: asymmetric switch costs, where switching into L1 incurs greater costs than L2, and reversed dominance, becomes slower L2. We ask if these measures are affected by the context bilingual is relative balance between languages sustained after mixed use. Polish-English unbalanced bilinguals...

How do faces with social-cultural identity affect bilingual language control? We approach this question by looking at the switch cost patterns and reversed dominance effect, which are suggested to reflect control mechanisms, in absence (i.e., baseline context) or presence of socio-cultural (Asian Caucasian). In separate blocks, face matched congruent mismatched incongruent be spoken. addition, cue preparation time was manipulated long (Experiment 1) short 2). both experiments, a unique...

This study addressed the debate on primacy of syllable vs. segment (i.e., phoneme) as a functional unit phonological encoding in syllabic languages by investigating both behavioral and neural responses Dutch-Cantonese (DC) bilinguals color-object picture naming task. Specifically, we investigated whether DC exhibit phonemic processing strategy, evident monolingual Dutch speakers, during planning their Cantonese speech production. Participants named color colored line-drawings faster when...

Bilingual speakers are suggested to use control processes avoid linguistic interference from the unintended language. It is debated whether these bilingual language (BLC) an instantiation of more domain-general executive (EC) processes. Previous studies inconsistently report correlations between measures and non-linguistic in bilinguals. In present study, we investigate extent which there cross-talk two domains for switch costs, namely n-1 shift cost n-2 repetition cost. Also, address...

Aims: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of contexts (i.e., non-conflicting context versus conflicting context) on bilingual language switch costs during comprehension. Methodology: Thirty-two unbalance Chinese-English bilinguals completed a modified comprehension-based language-switching task in two contexts. They made judgement about colour meaning word. In all words were presented white ink, while printed an inconsistent ink colour. Data and analysis: Reaction time accuracy...

Bilinguals take longer to identify interlingual homophones than control words. For example, Dutch–English bilinguals an English word like “leaf” ([li:f]), a homophone of the Dutch “lief” ([lif]; meaning “sweet”), “branch”. This homophone-delay effect, observed with both visual and auditory presentation, has been interpreted as evidence in favour language non-selective lexical access. The present article examines whether effect is also production. Theoretically, production may profit from...

Abstract The present study investigated the foreign language effect within an altruistic decision making process. Chinese–English bilinguals made decisions in their native (L1: Chinese) and second (L2: English). were framed two ways: either as “not to harm” (harm frame) or “to help” other person (help at one's economic cost. Behavioral results suggest that might behave more altruistically harm frame than help (i.e., framing effect) but not language. Electrophysiological show modulation of...

Abstract The classical language switching paradigm using arbitrary cues to indicate the speak in has revealed between languages comes at a cost (i.e., switch cost) and makes one slower first than second reversed dominance). However, can create artificial requirements not present during everyday interactions. Therefore, we investigated whether simulating elements of real-life conversations with question (‘Co?’ versus ‘What?’) facilitates comparison (Experiment 1: red blue outline; Experiments...

AbstractPeople often process non-native linguistic information. Here, we investigated whether first (L1) and second language (L2) phonologies are automatically activated. Response latencies event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded, while Russian–English bilinguals read aloud L1 target words (e.g. PEЙC /reis/ 'flight') primed with onset-matching PAHA /rana/ 'wound') or L2 PACK) corresponding onset-mismatching primes L1: КAPA /kara/ 'punishment'; L2: HOPE). Responses faster to targets...