The adaptive value of carry-over effects, the persistence induced phenotypes for several generations despite change in conditions that first these phenotypes, is studied framework a simple model. Three different organismal strategies - non-inducible (genetic), completely inducible (plastic), and intermediate (carry-over) are compared fitness terms within three environments. Analytical results numerical simulations show effects can have an advantage stochastic environments even over organisms...

Theoretical considerations suggest that extinction in dispersal‐limited populations is necessarily a threshold‐like process analogous to critical phase transition physics. We use this analogy find robust, common features the dynamics of extinctions, and early warning signals which may indicate population endangered. As threshold approached, spontaneously fragments into discrete subpopulations and, consequently, density regulation fails. The size declines its spatial variance diverges...

The adaptive nature of clonal growth rules was studied using a Monte Carlo simulation based on stochastic, spatially explicit model. In this model, the development clone controlled by environment-dependent rules, acting upon elementary developmental decisions, such as suppression or activation meristems at certain locations, modification internode length. neutral used control, simulated plant rigid, non-environment-dependent form. Growth proceeded in and temporally heterogeneous environment....

Physiological integration between ramets has been observed in several clonal plant species. But consequences of on the competitive ability and spatial development genets have received little attention so far. This study is an attempt to examine population- community-level implications a spatially explicit model. We simulated different resource patterns cellular automata, varying proportion (p) size (s) resource-rich patches average level area (h). compared efficiency integrator splitter...

• Plants must cope with environmental variation in space and time. Phenotypic plasticity allows them to adjust their form function small-scale variations habitat quality. Empirical studies have shown that stoloniferous plants can exploit heterogeneous habitats through plastic ramet specialization internal resource exchange (division of labour). Here we present a spatially explicit simulation model explore costs benefits spatio-temporally environments. We investigated the performance three...

Abstract Traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) is increasingly acknowledged as key to sustainability and the successful adaptation of local communities rapid changes. However, implementing TEK a major challenge in most parts world. A book published 80 years ago by Sambuu Jamsran, Mongolian agricultural minister 1930s, provides unique opportunity compare past versus present practices semi‐nomadic herders. collected information from highly respected herders during dialogue workshop about...

The voter model is a simple agent-based to mimic opinion dynamics in social networks: randomly chosen agent adopts the of neighbour. This process repeated until consensus emerges. Although basic theoretically intriguing, it misses an important feature real dynamics: does not distinguish between agent's publicly expressed and her inner conviction. A person may feel comfortable declaring conviction if circle appears hold opposing view. Here we introduce Concealed Voter Model where add second,...

A change in the environmental conditions across space-for example, altitude or latitude-can cause significant changes density of a vegetation type and, consequently, spatial connectivity. We use spatially explicit simulations to study transition from connected fragmented vegetation. static (gradient percolation) model is compared dynamic contact process) models. Connectivity characterized perspective various species that this for habitat and differ dispersal migration range, is, "step...

Humans have a demonstrated tendency to copy or imitate the behavior and attitude of others actively influence each other's opinions. In plenty empirical contexts, publicly revealed opinions are not necessarily in line with internal opinions, causing complex social dynamics. We study what extent hypocrisy is sustained during opinion formation how hidden change convergence consensus group. build analyze modified version voter model complete graph neutral competition between two alternatives....

We review the population ecology of Allium ursinum according to its life history, phenology, demography, dispersal, and dynamics. Spatial distribution is reviewed on two spatial scales. First, a broad scale over Europe, in relation habitat requirement species. Second, fine individual patches, presenting some results about local processes density regulation patch formation. conclude that A. has distinct, hitherto non-described, strategy for monopolizing space dominating forest floor. This...

This study considers the spatial structure of patchy habitats from perspective plants that forage for resources by clonal growth. Modelling is used in order to compare two basic strategies, which differ response plant a patch boundary. The 'avoiding plant' (A) never grows out good (resource-rich) into bad (resource-poor) region, because parent ramet withdraws its subsidy offspring. 'entering (E) always crosses boundary, as offspring subsidized at expense parent. In addition these extreme...

The establishment and spreading of biological populations depends crucially on population growth at low densities. Allee effect is a problem in those where the per capita rate densities reduced. We examine stochastic spatial models which reproduction changes across gradient $g$ so that undergoes 2D-percolation transition. Without effect, transition continuous width $w$ hull scales as conventional (i.e., uncorrelated) percolation, $w\ensuremath{\propto}{g}^{\ensuremath{-}0.57}$. However, with...

We study the dynamics of a metapopulation in which rates colonization and/or extinction change along an environmental gradient. Spatially explicit simulations are applied to compare two cases: parent‐dependent (PDC) rate is limited by production new individuals; offspring‐dependent (ODC) it success establishment offspring. Thus, PDC depends on quality parent's site, while ODC dependent offspring's site. combine and spatially implicit model. steady‐state distribution metapopulation, ask...