Ian Diamond
A5077025832- Global Maternal and Child Health
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Demographic Trends and Gender Preferences
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- demographic modeling and climate adaptation
- Insurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management
- Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Census and Population Estimation
- Health disparities and outcomes
- Noise Effects and Management
- COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- COVID-19 and healthcare impacts
- Family Dynamics and Relationships
- Global Health Care Issues
- Vehicle Noise and Vibration Control
- Migration, Aging, and Tourism Studies
- Birth, Development, and Health
- Healthcare Systems and Reforms
University of Southampton
1996-2024
Office for National Statistics
2020-2024
Civil Aviation Authority
2024
Economic and Social Research Council
2003-2006
Population Council
1997
Save the Children
1997
Futures Group (United States)
1995
University of Lagos
1995
Australian National University
1990
Abstract Objective To quantify rates of organ specific dysfunction in individuals with covid-19 after discharge from hospital compared a matched control group the general population. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting NHS hospitals England. Participants 47 780 (mean age 65, 55% men) and discharged alive by 31 August 2020, exactly to controls pool about 50 million people England for personal clinical characteristics 10 years electronic health records. Main outcome measures Rates...
The effectiveness of the BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 vaccines against new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections requires continuous re-evaluation, given increasingly dominant B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant. In this study, we investigated these in a large, community-based survey randomly selected households across United Kingdom. We found that (new polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive cases) with symptoms or high viral burden is reduced variant (absolute difference...
The effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in preventing new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections the general community is still unclear. Here, we used Office for National Statistics Infection Survey-a large community-based survey individuals living randomly selected private households across United Kingdom-to assess BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Oxford-AstraZeneca; ChAdOx1) vaccines against any SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive tests, split...
Abstract We report that in a cohort of 45,965 adults, who were receiving either the ChAdOx1 or BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, those had no prior infection with SARS-CoV-2, seroconversion rates and quantitative antibody levels after single dose lower older individuals, especially aged >60 years. Two vaccine doses achieved high responses across all ages. Antibody increased more slowly to compared BNT162b2, but waned following individuals. In descriptive latent class models, we identified...
Antibody responses are an important part of immunity after Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. However, antibody trajectories and the associated duration protection a second vaccine dose remain unclear. In this study, we investigated anti-spike IgG correlates doses ChAdOx1 or BNT162b2 vaccines for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in United Kingdom general population. 222,493 individuals, found significant boosting by both all ages using different...
Abstract The effectiveness of BNT162b2, ChAdOx1, and mRNA-1273 vaccines against new SARS-CoV-2 infections requires continuous re-evaluation, given the increasingly dominant Delta variant. We investigated in a large community-based survey randomly selected households across UK. found that BNT162b2 ChAd0x1 any (new PCR positives) with symptoms or high viral burden is reduced A single dose vaccine had similar greater compared to ChAdOx1. Effectiveness two doses remains at least as great...
Understanding the trajectory, duration, and determinants of antibody responses after SARS-CoV-2 infection can inform subsequent protection risk reinfection, however large-scale representative studies are limited. Here we estimated response in general population using data from 7,256 United Kingdom COVID-19 survey participants who had positive swab PCR tests 26-April-2020 to 14-June-2021. A latent class model classified 24% as 'non-responders' not developing anti-spike antibodies, were older,...
Information on SARS-CoV-2 in representative community surveillance is limited, particularly cycle threshold (Ct) values (a proxy for viral load).We included all positive nose and throat swabs 26 April 2020 to 13 March 2021 from the UK's national COVID-19 Infection Survey, tested by RT-PCR N, S, ORF1ab genes. We investigated predictors of median Ct value using quantile regression.Of 3,312,159 swabs, 27,902 (0.83%) were RT-PCR-positive, 10,317 (37%), 11,012 (40%), 6550 (23%) 3, 2, or 1 genes,...
The SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant has been replaced by the highly transmissible Omicron BA.1 variant, and subsequently BA.2. It is important to understand how these changes in dominant variants affect reported symptoms, while also accounting for symptoms arising from other co-circulating respiratory viruses.
SARS-CoV-2 reinfections increased substantially after Omicron variants emerged. Large-scale community-based comparisons across multiple waves of reinfection characteristics, risk factors, and protection afforded by previous infection vaccination, are limited. Here we studied ~45,000 from the UK's national COVID-19 Infection Survey quantified in waves, including those driven BA.1, BA.2, BA.4/5, BQ.1/CH.1.1/XBB.1.5 variants. Reinfections were associated with lower viral load percentages...
Ethnic minorities have experienced disproportionate COVID-19 mortality rates in the UK and many other countries. We compared differences risk of related death between ethnic groups first second waves pandemic England. also investigated whether factors explaining changed two waves. Using data from Office for National Statistics Public Health Data Asset, a linked dataset combining 2011 Census with primary care hospital records registrations, we conducted an observational cohort study to...
ABSTRACT Background A new variant of SARS-CoV-2, B.1.1.7/VOC202012/01, was identified in the UK December-2020. Direct estimates its potential to enhance transmission are limited. Methods Nose and throat swabs from 28-September-2020 2-January-2021 UK’s nationally representative surveillance study were tested by RT-PCR for three genes (N, S ORF1ab). Those positive only on ORF1ab+N, S-gene target failures (SGTF), compatible with B.1.1.7/VOC202012/01. We investigated cycle threshold (Ct) values...
ABSTRACT Background The SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant has been replaced by the highly transmissible Omicron BA.1 variant, and subsequently BA.2. It is important to understand how these changes in dominant variants affect reported symptoms, while also accounting for symptoms arising from other co-circulating respiratory viruses. Methods In a nationally representative UK community study, COVID-19 Infection Survey, we investigated PCR-positive infection episodes vs. PCR-negative study visits over...
Following primary SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, whether boosters or breakthrough infections provide greater protection against infection is incompletely understood. Here we investigated antibody correlates of new Omicron BA.4/5 (re-)infections and anti-spike IgG trajectories after a third/booster vaccination following second in 154,149 adults ≥18 y from the United Kingdom general population. Higher levels were associated with increased higher at any given level than boosters. Breakthrough...
This article examines data from a study on garment-factory workers in Bangladesh to explore the implications of work for early socialization young women. For first time, large numbers Bangladeshi women are being given an alternative lives which they move directly childhood adulthood through marriage and childbearing. Employment creates period transition contrast abrupt assumption adult roles at very ages that childbearing mandate. longer adolescence working garment sector is shown have...
A one in two alternate sample ( N = 200) from a population‐based register of 411 people with multiple sclerosis (MS) was studied. Out this sample, 147 MS and 34 rheumatoid arthritis were interviewed at home completed battery neuropsychological tests. Cognitive impairment found 46 per cent those MS, memory failure on tests frontal lobe function 33 cent. Physical disability associated cognitive impairment. Memory more common who had for 10 years or more. significant minority mild physical some...
This paper investigates the effect of previous cohabitation on marital stability among 1958 British birth cohort. Prospective data from National Child Development Study are used to investigate way in which family background factors and early lifecourse experiences, including cohabitation, affect risk first marriage dissolution by age 33. Discrete time logistic regression hazards models analyse separation eight years marriage. Many socio-economic found act through more intermediate...
We estimated population-level associations between ethnicity and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mortality using a newly linked census-based data set investigated how ethnicity-specific risk evolved during the pandemic.We conducted retrospective cohort study of respondents to 2011 Census England Wales in private households, death registrations adjusted for emigration (n = 47 872 412). The outcome interest was involving COVID-19 2 March 2020 15 May 2020. hazard ratios (HRs)...
Abstract The effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in preventing new SARS-CoV-2 infections the general community is still unclear. Here, we used Office for National Statistics (ONS) Infection Survey, a large community-based survey individuals living randomly selected private households across UK, to assess BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Oxford-AstraZeneca; ChAdOx1) vaccines against any PCR-positive tests, split according self-reported symptoms, cycle threshold value (<30...