Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and receptors (FGFRs) are expressed in the developing lung appear to be major regulators of differentiation. By using mesenchyme-free epithelial cultures we show that FGF-1 (aFGF) FGF-7 (KGF) produce different effects lung. stimulates proliferation results bud formation (branching), while promotes leads cyst-like structures. In addition, differentiation, stimulating expression SP-A SP-B mRNA throughout explant, inducing focal areas highly differentiated...

ABSTRACT The distribution of collagens I, III, IV and V was studied by immunoperoxidase staining early developing mouse submandibular glands. Collagen I always present in the extracellular matrices mesenchyme at epithelial-mesenchymal interfaces 12-day gland with no clefts 13-day a few definite clefts. III found similar fashion to that collagen mesenchyme, but very different. In mid round lobule, distributed every slightly indented site basal epithelial surfaces. At late stage, initial signs...

We have investigated electronic band structure of a transparent conducting oxide, Nb-doped anatase TiO2 (TNO), by means first-principles calculations and photoemission measurements. The revealed that Nb 4d orbitals are strongly hybridized with Ti 3d ones to form d-nature conduction band, without impurity states in the in-gap region, resulting high carrier density exceeding 1021 cm-3 excellent optical transparency visible region. Furthermore, we confirmed results valence core-level...

ABSTRACT Embryonic mouse lung epithelium was separated from its mesenchyme and cultured under mesenchyme-free conditions. When covered with Matrigel, the underwent branching morphogenesis in medium containing acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF), which epithelial cells constructed a simple columnar cell layer forming lumen, as seen normal development. The induced by aFGF completely inhibited an antibody against aFGF. Heparin caused extra cooperation aFGF, but use resulted luminal expansion...

Mouse salivary epithelium cannot undergo branching morphogenesis in the absence of surrounding mesenchyme. To clarify nature mesenchymal influence on epithelium, we have investigated culture conditions which could normally branch cells. Combination basement-membrane-like substratum (Matrigel) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) substitute for mesenchyme, showing typical morphogenesis. Transforming alpha had same effect as EGF. Matrigel plus basic fibroblast or transforming beta 1 collagen gel...

Abstract An interstitial collagenase was purified from the explant medium of bovine dental pulp and shown to degrade collagens I III but not IV V. The enzyme halted cleft initiation in epithelium 12day mouse embryonic submandibular glands vitro, indicating active involvement branching morphogenesis. Transmission electron microscopic observation intact 12-day gland without any clefts showed scattered localization a few collagen fibrils at epithelial-mesenchymal interface bulb also revealed...

Cell proliferation is an essential requirement for epithelial expansion and tubular branching; however, little known of how these events are coupled during morphogenesis. We have previously shown that, in the absence mesenchyme, fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF-1) elicits budding mouse lung epithelium cultured a basement membrane matrix. Although bud formation seems to be manifestation localized response cells FGF-1, it unclear whether results from induction differential rates cell within...

Branching morphogenesis of mouse salivary gland has been studied with organ-culture system. We developed a novel transfilter culture system for analyzing branching the epithelium. The submandibular epithelium from early 13-day fetus, clotted Matrigel and separated mesenchyme by membrane filter, showed extensive growth morphogenesis, morphological differentiation lobules stalks, typical cleft shape. little no without clot or mesenchyme. This was induced even when pore size filter reduced to...

ABSTRACT An X-ray irradiation method was employed to analyse the role of cell proliferation in vitro cleft formation mouse embryonic submandibular epithelium at early stages. When mid 12-day gland exposed 200 rad X-rays, growth severely retarded. In contrast, late and 13-day glands grew apparently a normal fashion, as did control gland, for up 40 h. either case, they formed shallow clefts within 10 h culture. With 1000 irradiation, not grow all, but 20 culture followed by rapid degeneration....

Current sensor integration in commercial power semiconductor modules is generally based on shunt resistance methods. The resulting losses and lack of galvanic isolation present opportunities for improvement. This paper describes the submillimeter-sized giant magnetoresistive (GMR) point field detectors (PFDs) into IGBT to provide nearly lossless galvanically isolated current-sensing capabilities. are installed a three-phase inverter motor drive, GMR-based integrated current sensors used...

When supplemented with appropriate growth factors, salivary gland epithelial explants isolated from mouse embryos undergo branching morphogenesis in vitro the absence of mesenchyme. Epidermal factor (EGF) induces lobule formation, while fibroblast 7 (FGF7) promotes stalk elongation. A mixture EGF and FGF7 produces an intermediate morphology, which resembles pattern epithelium observed vivo. To investigate how formation elongation are related to cell proliferation induced by FGF7, we...

ABSTRACT Recombination of the epithelium and mesenchyme between quail anterior submaxillary gland (elongating type) lingual or mouse (branching was effected in vitro to clarify whether elongating morphogenesis directed by epithelial mesenchymal component. Quail recombined with came branch. Conversely, 12-day elongate, though less effective 13-day epithelium. These results suggest that branching salivary glands is controlled mesenchyme.

ABSTRACT Three activities of mesenchymes from mouse embryonic submandibular gland, lung, stomach, mandible and skin were comparatively studied. The first ability was the induction branching epithelial lobes. Epithelial lobes branched well in recombination with or lung mesenchyme, less stomach but never mandibular dermal mesenchyme. second behavioural aspect studied contraction collagen gels. When respective mesenchymal cells dispersed at 2 0×105 ml−1 gels (1×5 mg ml−1) incubated, had highest...

Mouse submandibular epithelium shows branching morphogenesis in mesenchyme‐free conditions when covered with a basement membrane matrix (Matrigel) medium supplemented epidermal growth factor. In the present study, role of laminin‐1 (LN1), major glycoprotein Matrigel, this culture system was defined. When cultured LN1‐nidogen gel, showed much branching, comparable to that observed Matrigel. By electron microscopy, only felt‐like formed on epithelial surface gel cultures, while an organized...

Embryonic mouse tracheal epithelium, which branches in an epithelial-mesenchymal recombination culture with bronchial mesenchyme, was cultured under mesenchyme-free conditions. When embedded a basement-membrane-like matrix and serum-free medium supplemented fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1), the epithelium did not branch, whereas underwent branching morphogenesis. enriched transferrin (Tf), bud formation induced some buds branched secondarily. FGF7 FGF10, cooperation Tf, to same extent as...

ABSTRACT Mouse submaxillary epithelium undergoes branching morphogenesis with increase in the curvature of its surface vivo. Recombination experiments vitro and mesenchyme between 13- 14-day rudiments showed (1) that more actively induced to branch than 13-day mesenchyme, (2) could produce clefts on smaller epithelial lobes (3) produced similar diameter intact rudiment, (4) lobular morphology assembled became obscure recombinates while it was well maintained mesenchyme. From these results is...

We investigated the electronic structures of anatase Ti 1− x Nb O 2+δ (TNO) thin films as a function concentration using photoemission spectroscopy (PES) measurements to elucidate origin abrupt decrease in carrier activation heavily Nb-doped regime. The existing intensity ratio 5+ evaluated from 3d core-level PES spectra maintained constant value ∼0.8 at = 0.06–0.3, implying that electron carriers generated by doping are compensated p-type defects. 2p-3d and O1s-2p resonant 0.06–0.3 revealed...

We report the effect of post-deposition annealing on electrical transport properties anatase Ti 0.94 Nb 0.06 O 2 (TNO) epitaxial thin films. Annealing TNO films in pure oxygen drastically suppressed carrier density ( n e ). A high order 10 21 cm -3 was recovered by successive hydrogen. Core-level X-ray photoemission spectroscopy revealed that and respectively exist as tetravalent pentavalent ions fully oxidized samples. The concentration 5+ relative to 4+ tends increase with annealing,...

The Matrigel-embedded epithelium of the mouse submandibular gland undergoes branching morphogenesis when cultured in medium supplemented with fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF7) and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), whereas it elongates a stalk limited only FGF7. Because LPA is well-known activator epidermal (EGF) signaling, we hypothesized involvement autocrine EGF family factors morphogenesis.Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction studies showed that three members, Tgfa, Hbegf,and Nrg1...

The epitaxial growth of pentacene on hydrogen-terminated Si(111) is reported. Reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) revealed that the crystal packing resembles in bulk even at a monolayer thickness, which was maintained multilayers. A ripening effect clearly observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). These results are important to obtain oriented crystalline films combined with silicon microdevices reduced defect densities.

Embryonic day 13 mouse submandibular gland (E13-SMG) rudiments with two to four clefts have been commonly used in culture experiments show that growth factors, such as epidermal factor (EGF) -family and fibroblast (FGF) ligands, are involved branching morphogenesis. In the present study, we focused on E12 attempted elucidate roles of EGF- FGF-family ligands SMG development from E13. mesenchyme-free, Matrigel-embedded cultures, EGF + lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) induced E13 epithelium, whereas...

Abstract Epithelial morphogenesis is supported by diffusible growth factors and nondiffusible cell substrata, such as laminin fibronectin. When embedded in a laminin‐rich basement‐membrane substratum, embryonic mouse submandibular epithelium undergoes proliferation branching response to epidermal factor (EGF) mesenchyme‐free culture but not serum‐free medium. In this study, we sought identify the biologically active serum. As was heat‐stable trypsin‐resistant, lipid fraction analyzed. Horse...

We fabricated heterojunctions using organic semiconductor pentacene sandwiched between two different magnetic electrodes: Co-doped TiO2 (Co:TiO2) and Fe. The conductance of the junctions was measured as a function field. found that characteristics are strongly dependent on method used to deposit Fe top electrode pentacene. magnetotransport properties can be explained by effect interface morphology spin polarization traps.

There is a natural tendency to expect that irradiation of an infant organ prior development-related expansion will result in higher risk developing cancer than fully-developed adult tissue, and this has generally been observed. However, if tissues also vary their initial responses radiation depending on age, the interplay between tissue- age-dependent would potentially be quite complex. We have previously shown opposing induction apoptosis for intestinal epithelium hematopoietic cells mice,...