Background and Purpose Sodium butyrate ( NaB ), an epigenetic modifier, is effective in promoting insulin sensitivity. The specific genomic loci mechanisms underlying epigenetically induced obesity resistance the targets of are not fully understood. Experimental Approach anti‐diabetic anti‐obesity effects treatment were measured by comparing phenotypes physiologies C57BL/6J mice fed a low‐fat diet LF high‐fat HF ) or plus + for 10 weeks. We determined possible mechanism action through...

To determine reference ranges of circulating long-chain (LC) omega-3 fatty acids: eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic (DPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) in a nationally representative population Americans. provide context, serum concentrations LC were compared with associated consuming the recommended amount EPA DHA by Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) Omega-3 Index (EPA+DHA).

The role that marine omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may play in reducing the risk for developing depression and/or anxiety is unclear. present study examined relationships between plasma levels of total PUFAs, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and non-DHA PUFAs with medical-record documented (both historical recent, within last 12 months) UK Biobank. associations these outcomes reported use fish oil supplements (FOS) were also examined. Data from 258,354 participants who had data on...

Abstract Background An increasing number of adults are over the age 65, and there is concern about prevalence age-associated cognitive decline poor mental health status in older United States. Several nutrients known to have important biological roles brain neurological function, but many individuals fall short recommended intake levels. The objective this study was examine association between nutrient function. We also explored whether associated with depression. Methods This...

Pgc-1α and its various isoforms may play a role in determining skeletal muscle mitochondrial adaptations response to diet. 8 wks of dietary supplementation with the flavonoid quercetin (Q) or red onion extract (ROE) high fat diet (HFD) ameliorates HFD-induced obesity insulin resistance C57BL/J mice while upregulating increasing number function. Here, were fed low (LF), (HF), plus (HF + Q), RO) for 9 isoform expression DNA methylation determined. Quantification isoforms, including Pgc-1α-a,...

Women of childbearing age (WCBA) and women menopausal (WMENO) have distinct nutritional needs. Understanding nutrient intake status in these life stages is critical for tailoring dietary recommendations. The objectives this study were to evaluate total estimated usual intakes from food plus supplements compare established recommendations WCBA WMENO examine associations between self-reported biomarkers. Twenty-four-hour recall data 2011–2016 NHANES used estimate nutrients (aged 15–44 y, n =...

To determine associations between serum long-chain (LC) omega-3 fatty acid levels and sleep parameters among adults (N = 1314) in NHANES 2011-2012.Regression analyses accounting for the complex-survey design were used to assess LC levels, duration, difficulty falling sleeping disorder.Overall, 48.6% male, mean age was 47.2 years, 5% reported very short sleep, 29% 63% normal 3% long sleep. The sum of lower with versus although differences attenuated adjustment sociodemographic factors....

Background and objectives: Lutein zeaxanthin (L+Z) are carotenoids highly concentrated in the macula to maintain macular pigment optical density (MPOD) throughout lifespan. Studies have shown that an intake of 6–20 mg or higher L+Z would be beneficial for visual function cognition. The human body cannot synthesize must obtain them from other sources. Objective: To determine nutrient status US children (6–18 years) adults (19–64 years), how dietary supplements contribute total level L+Z....

Adequate consumption of nutrients that support infant neurodevelopment is critical among pregnant women and childbearing age. Understanding the potential effects socioeconomic inequalities on nutrient gaps in these life stages thus important for informing strategies to mitigate negative health consequences. Usual intake (foods dietary supplements) neurodevelopment-related was determined from 24 h recalls age (20−44 years) using data 2007−2018 NHANES. compared across household food security,...

To compare the molecular and metabolic effects of a single exercise bout in skeletal muscle between lean overweight/obese (Ov/Ob) individuals.Participants recruited were men, aged 19-30 years, who either (body mass index [BMI] < 25, 18.5-24.1 kg/m2 ; n = 15) or Ov/Ob (BMI ≥ 25.5-36.9 15). Four hours after high-carbohydrate breakfast (7 kcal/kg; 60% carbohydrate, 25% fat, 15% protein), participants performed cycling (50% VO2 max, expending ~650 kcal). Muscle biopsies peripheral blood samples...

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, more commonly known as the ACA, was legislation passed in United States 2010 to expand access health insurance coverage for millions of Americans with a key emphasis on preventive care. Nutrition plays critical role overall wellness, disease prevention resilience chronic illness but prior ACA many did not have adequate ensure proper nutrition. With passage individuals received nutritional counseling through their primary care physicians well...

Aerobic exercise improves skeletal muscle mitochondrial function and completeness of fatty acid beta oxidation, which contribute to reductions in lipid accumulation improved insulin sensitivity. The aim this study was determine the acute effects on oxidation lean vs. overweight obese (Ov/Ob) muscle. 30 men, aged 19–30 years, were recruited divided into two groups: (BMI&lt;25, 18.5–24.1 kg/m2, n=15) Ov/Ob (BMI≥25, 25.5–36.9 n=15). Four hours after eating a standardized high‐carbohydrate...

Aerobic exercise improves skeletal muscle mitochondrial function and improved insulin sensitivity in lean overweight obese (Ov/Ob) individuals; however, the genes important determining beneficial effects of both Ov/Ob individuals are still largely unknown. Here, we aimed to identify similarly expressed following an acute bout exercise. 30 men, aged 19–30 years, were recruited divided into two groups: (BMI&lt;25, 18.5–24.1 kg/m2, n=15) (BMI≥25, 25.5–36.9 n=15). Four hours after eating a...

Few studies have examined biomarkers of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) with depression, that are less prone to error than self-reported intake. We aimed determine associations between serum EPA, DHA the sum long chain (LC) omega-3 fatty acids depression in National Health Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2012 cycle. Fatty were expressed as a % total acids. Depression was assessed by Patient Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 categorized minimal (score 0–4, reference),...

PGC1α is an epigenetically regulated transcriptional coactivator that promotes mitochondrial biogenesis. Long chain fatty acids (LCFA), such as palmitate, decrease expression in association with decreased function and increased insulin resistance primary myocytes. Several splice variants of have been identified may compensate for the loss full length PGC1α; yet, it unclear if these are or altered by LCFA treatment skeletal muscle. Here, we determined effects 48h palmitate on known variant...