A5106466046- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Vector-Borne Animal Diseases
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Microbial infections and disease research
- Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- Risk and Safety Analysis
- Travel-related health issues
- Fault Detection and Control Systems
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)
- Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
- Escherichia coli research studies
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research
- Vibrio bacteria research studies
- Poxvirus research and outbreaks
- Biochemical and Structural Characterization
- Zoonotic diseases and public health
- Food Safety and Hygiene
- Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research
- History and advancements in chemistry
- Inhalation and Respiratory Drug Delivery
Veterinary Medicines Directorate
2009-2024
Animal and Plant Health Agency
2011-2022
University of Reading
2002
SUMMARY Expert opinion was elicited to undertake a qualitative risk assessment estimate the current and future risks European Union (EU) from five vector-borne viruses listed by World Organization for Animal Health. It predicted that climate change will increase of incursions African horse sickness virus (AHSV), Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHFV) Rift Valley (RVFV) into EU other parts world, with swine (ASFV) West Nile (WNV) being less affected. Currently incursion were lowest RVFV...
The objective was to measure the association between badger culling and bovine tuberculosis (TB) incidents in cattle herds three areas of England 2013-2017 (Gloucestershire Somerset) 2015-2017 (Dorset). Farming industry-selected licensed were matched comparison areas. A TB incident detection new Mycobacterium bovis infection (post-mortem confirmed) at least one animal a herd. Intervention area incidence rates compared central zones where conducted surrounding buffer zones, through...
We analyzed the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5 epizootic of 2016-17 in Europe by epidemiologic and genetic characteristics compared it with 2 previous epizootics caused same Guangdong lineage. The was largest number countries farms affected greatest diversity wild birds infected. observed significant differences among 3 regarding region affected, epidemic curve, seasonality, outbreak duration, making difficult to predict future HPAI epizootics. However, we know that 2005-06...
To predict the risk of incursion Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) in livestock Europe introduced through immature Hyalomma marginatum ticks on migratory birds under current conditions and decade 2075-2084 a climate-change scenario.A spatial map comprising 14 282 grid cells (25 × 25 km) was constructed using three data sources: (i) ranges abundances four species bird which migrate from sub-Saharan Africa to each spring, namely Willow warbler (Phylloscopus trochilus), Northern...
Between 16 November 2017 and 15 February 2018, one highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N6) five HPAI A(H5N8) outbreaks in poultry holdings, two captive birds 22 wild bird events were reported within Europe. There is a lower incursion of compared to A(H5N8). no evidence date that viruses circulating Europe are associated with clades infecting humans. Clinical signs ducks infected seemed be decreasing, based on reports from Bulgaria. However, still present widespread neighbouring...
The systemic risks posed by general-purpose AI models are a growing concern, yet the effectiveness of mitigations remains underexplored. Previous research has proposed frameworks for risk mitigation, but left gaps in our understanding perceived measures mitigating risks. Our study addresses this gap evaluating how experts perceive different that aim to reduce models. We surveyed 76 whose expertise spans safety; critical infrastructure; democratic processes; chemical, biological,...
The systemic risks posed by general-purpose AI models are a growing concern, yet the effectiveness of mitigations remains underexplored. Previous research has proposed frameworks for risk mitigation, but left gaps in our understanding perceived measures mitigating risks. Our study addresses this gap evaluating how experts perceive different that aim to reduce models. We surveyed 76 whose expertise spans safety; critical infrastructure; democratic processes; chemical, biological,...
Previous introductions of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) to the EU were most likely via migratory wild birds. A mathematical model has been developed which indicated that amplification and spread may take place when bird populations sufficient size within become infected. Low (LPAIV) reach similar maximum prevalence levels in HPAIV but risk LPAIV infection a poultry holding was estimated be lower than HPAIV. Only few non-wild pathways identified having non-negligible AI...
SUMMARY Animal health surveillance enables the detection and control of animal diseases including zoonoses. Under EU-FP7 project RISKSUR, a survey was conducted in 11 EU Member States Switzerland to describe active components 2011 managed by public or private sector identify gaps opportunities. Information collected about hazard, target population, geographical focus, legal obligation, management, design, risk-based sampling, multi-hazard surveillance. Two countries were excluded due...
This report, provided by the APHA, summarises key descriptive epidemiological parameters of bovine TB in cattle Great Britain from January 1 to December 31, 2014. It some temporal trends observed over a longer period and highlights differences similarities between Scotland, Wales three risk areas England. updates previous annual summaries for 2012 2013, also published inVeterinary Record(VR, June 14, 2014, vol 174, pp 600-604; March 28, 2015, 176, 326-330).
Between 16 February and 15 May 2018, three highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N6) 11 HPAI A(H5N8) outbreaks in poultry holdings, one outbreak captive birds, 55 wild bird events were reported Europe. There is no evidence to date that viruses circulating Europe are associated with clades infecting humans. Fewer cases have been detected than during the same period of previous year. Most mortality among birds involved single species listed revised list target for passive surveillance....
Between 16 August and 15 November 2018, 14 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N8) outbreaks in poultry establishments Bulgaria seven HPAI A(H5N6) outbreaks, one captive birds Germany six wild Denmark the Netherlands were reported European Union (EU). No human infection due to viruses have been Europe so far. Seroconversion of people exposed during Russia has study. Although risk zoonotic transmission general public is considered be very low, appropriate personal protection measures...
To address the risk posed to human health by consumption of VTEC O157 within contaminated pork, lamb, and beef products Great Britain, a quantitative assessment model has been developed. This aims simulate prevalence amount in different meat at single framework adapting previously developed models. The is stochastic nature, enabling both variability (natural variation between animals, carcasses, products) uncertainty (lack knowledge) about input parameters be modeled. Based on assumptions...
Avian influenza (AI) is a viral infectious disease that affects all species of domestic and wild birds. The viruses causing this can be high (HPAI) or low (LPAI) pathogenicity represent continuous threat to poultry in Europe. Council Directive 2005/94/EC requests EU Member States (MSs) carry out surveillance birds notify the results responsible authority. Therefore, MSs Switzerland have implemented programmes yearly monitor incursions AI EFSA received mandate from European Commission,...
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N8 is currently causing an epizootic in Europe, infecting many poultry holdings as well captive and wild bird species more than 10 countries. Given the clear clinical manifestation, passive surveillance considered most effective means of detecting infected domestic birds. Testing samples from new non-previously reported areas key to determine geographic spread HPAIV 2016 limited numbers dead birds previously useful when it relevant know whether...
Abstract The transmission of pathogens across the interface between wildlife and livestock presents a challenge to development effective surveillance control measures. Wild birds, especially waterbirds such as Anseriformes Charadriiformes are considered be natural hosts Avian Influenza (AI), presumed pose one most likely vectors for incursion AI into European poultry flocks. We have developed generic quantitative risk map, derived from classical epidemiological equation, describe relative,...
SUMMARY Passive surveillance for lyssaviruses in UK bats has been ongoing since 1987 and identified 13 cases of EBLV-2 from a single species; Myotis daubentonii . No other lyssavirus species detected. Between 2005 2015, 10 656 were submitted, representing 18 species, creating spatially temporally uneven sample British bat fauna. Uniquely, three originate roost at Stokesay Castle Shropshire, England, where daily checks grounded dead are undertaken carcasses have submitted testing 2007. Twenty...
This report, provided by the APHA, presents key descriptive epidemiological parameters of bovine TB in cattle Great Britain from January 1 to December 31, 2015, providing summary information on epidemic, including statistics and as presented annual surveillance report for Britain, with supporting detail specific reports England Wales. It updates previous summaries 2012 2014, also published Veterinary Record .
This report, provided by the APHA, summarises infection status of bovine TB in cattle Great Britain from January 1 to December 31, 2013 and describes some temporal trends observed over a longer period. It updates previous annual summary for 2012, also published Veterinary Record ( VR , June 14, 2014, vol 174, pp 600–604).