Chinese chestnut ( Castanea mollissima ), which is native to China, has been cultivated as a nontimber forest tree species for 4000 years. This found display self-sterility, results in significantly lower seed set following self-pollination (SP) compared with that cross-pollination (CP). Self-sterility can be induced by prezygotic or postzygotic late-acting self-incompatibility (LSI) early-acting inbreeding depression (EID). To elucidate the causes of self-sterility chestnut, we investigated...

Oil-tea belongs to the Camellia genus, an important oil crop in China. However, oil-tea is taxonomically challenging due its morphological variation, polyploidy, and interspecific hybridization. Therefore, present study aimed investigate flower organs’ morphology pollen micro-morphology of 18 genotypes detail discussed their significance for taxonomy. The quantitative parameters flowers were measured using Vernier caliper measurements. Pollen was observed photographed scanning electron...

Feijoa suffers from high rates of flower and fruit abortion, widely varying characteristics, which are directly related to pollination problems. However, efficient mostly depends on pollen vigour. Thus, methods improve vigour have become an important focus for both breeders growers. An orthogonal design method (L9[3]4) was used compare the effectiveness key factors (e.g. concentrations sucrose, H3BO3, CaCl2 GA3) determine vigour, optimise culture medium in vitro germination. The four that...

Quercus variabilis Blume is one of the most ecologically valuable tree species in China and known to have adaptive mechanisms climate change. Our objective was quantify variation pattern fruit morphology Q. variabilis. Fruit samples were collected from 43 natural populations autumn 2019. results indicated that coefficient (CV) length (FL) width (FW) 10.08% 11.21%, respectively. There significant differences FL, FW, length-to-width ratios (FL/FW) among studied populations. Also, there a...

Wolfiporia extensa is a basidiomycetous brown rot fungus and of well-known medicinal import in China, Japan, other Asiatic countries. Fruiting body induction major relevance for basic biological research their use industrial applications. Based on the evaluation effects temperature, time dark before culture, wounding treatment fruiting, this report describes most efficient protocol inducing fruiting W. growing agar plates. Furthermore, several characteristics teleomorph, such as locations...

Castanea henryi is a ubiquitous hardwood chestnut species in southern China and important both ecologically economically. It mainly cultivated for nut production, just like other species. However, the establishment of C. seedlings new orchard has proven to be difficult because few survive transplanting due incompatibility their coarse root architecture with nutrient-depleted red acid soils China. Root can profoundly modified nutrient stress alleviated association roots ectomycorrhizal (ECM)...

Feijoa sellowiana Berg is cultivated as a non-timber forest tree in New Zealand, Colombia and France, well known for its high dietary value fruit.F. was introduced into China during the 1980s.However, it particularly prone to erratic fruit set very little work has been conducted on reproductive biology.F. 'Mammoth' cultivar subjected light microscopy analysis clarify male female gametogenesis.The results showed that formation of anther wall conforms basic type.The tapetum glandular...

Both ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECMF) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) can improve plant growth. However, the relationship between Pi levels mycorrhizal colonization rate is divergent, information on differential interactive effects of ECMF nutrient uptake seedling quality lacking. We conducted a study 4-week-old Castanea henryi ‘You Zhen’ seedlings by inoculating with Scleroderma sp. (+ECM) to compare uninoculated (-ECM), under low level (-Pi) high (+Pi). The rate, morphological physiological...

Castanea henryi is an important woody grain tree species native to China. The objective of the current study was find suitable plant growth regulators (PGRs) and optimal concentrations for direct organogenesis by using axillary shoots cotyledonary nodes. Seeds were collected from field, sterilized, germinated in vitro. Axillary nodes 3-week-old seedlings used as explants. To PGR adventitious shoot induction, 0.5 mg·L –1 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), 0.1 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA),...

Camellia oleifera is an important woody tree species in China that produces edible oil. Although sterile male C. plants play role hybrid breeding, the possible cytological characteristics of pollen abortion remain unknown. To characterize process, a genic petaloid-type ‘X1’ plant was investigated using method. The results showed male-fertile plants, anthers were full and butterfly shaped, viability as high 97.5%, development tapetum anther vascular bundles normal. However, male-sterile ‘X1’,...

Chinese chestnut (<em>Castanea mollissima</em> Blume.) is a widely distributed fruit tree and well known for its ecological economic value. In order to evaluate obstacles male reproductive in the <em>C. mollissima</em>, morphological histological characterization of flower cultivar ‘Yanshanzaofeng’ were examined by paraffin section technique scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that catkins with floral primordia formed buds one-year olds shoots later April. Later, protoderm,...

Chinese chestnut (<em>Castanea mollissima</em> Blume) has noteworthy ecological, economic and cultural importance in the Northern Hemisphere. The low yield of often affect efficiency. Ovary development is an important step nut production. Changes nutrient contents during ovary cultivar ‘Yanshanzaofeng’ have not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, ‘Dabanhong’ were used as material. About 50~100 pollinated female inflorescences picked every five days (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40,...

Chinese chestnut trees spread all over the world produce nut and chestnuts that have considerable economical value. Ovary development is an important step in production. Normal ovary probably requires coordinated action of plant hormones. Endogenous hormone status tree, particularly IAA, IBA, GA3 ZT, influences as well yield. Changes endogenous hormones during cultivar 'Yanshanzaofeng' not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, 'Dabanhong' were used materials. About 50~100 pollinated...

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) plays a crucial role in the utilization of heterosis. The petaloid anther abortion oil tea (Camellia oleifera Abel.) constitutes CMS phenomenon, which is great value for hybrid breeding tea. However, as mechanism its still poorly understood, it necessary to study cytology and physiological characteristics abortion. In this study, C. cultivar, Huashuo (HS), petalized mutant (HSP) were used materials explore mechanism. Compared with HS, cytological analysis...

Eucalyptus cloeziana is an important, fast-growing, precious timber species in southern China, with tissue culture being the primary method for its propagation. However, declining proliferation coefficient of adventitious shoots multi-generation a major constraint on rapid This study aims to address this issue through selection suitable explants and optimizing plant growth regulators’ formulation during process shoot proliferation. In study, we cut from 21st generation tissue-cultured...

Existing test-time prompt tuning (TPT) methods focus on single-modality data, primarily enhancing images and using confidence ratings to filter out inaccurate images. However, while image generation models can produce visually diverse images, data enhancement techniques still fail capture the comprehensive knowledge provided by different modalities. Additionally, we note that performance of TPT-based drops significantly when number augmented is limited, which not unusual given computational...