The Kepler mission has discovered more than 4000 exoplanet candidates. Many are in systems with tightly packed inner planets. Inside-Out Planet Formation (IOPF) been proposed to explain these systems. It involves sequential situ planet formation at the local pressure maximum of a retreating dead zone boundary (DZIB). Pebbles accumulate this trap, which builds up ring, and then planet. is expected grow until it opens gap, helps both truncate pebble accretion induce DZIB retreat that sets...

Erectile dysfunction is a common clinical condition that seriously affects the quality of life and mental health men their partners. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) most important public problem threatening men's worldwide, its current prevalence continues to grow. This study examines relationship between metabolic erectile (ED). We conducted cross-sectional with data were sourced from NHANES 2001-2004. In this study, METS-VF ED was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression, followed by...

ABSTRACT Rings and gaps are commonly observed in the dust continuum emission of young stellar discs. Previous studies have shown that substructures naturally develop weakly ionized gas magnetized, non-ideal MHD The rings expected to trap large mm/cm-sized grains through pressure gradient-induced radial dust–gas drift. Using 2D (axisymmetric) simulations include ambipolar diffusion three representative sizes (1 mm, 3.3 1 cm), we show indeed tend drift radially relative towards centres rings,...

Abstract The Kepler -discovered Systems with Tightly-packed Inner Planets (STIPs), typically several planets of Earth to super-Earth masses on well-aligned, sub-AU orbits may host the most common type planets, including habitable in Galaxy. They pose a great challenge for planet formation theories, which fall into two broad classes: (1) further out followed by inward migration; (2) situ , very inner regions protoplanetary disk. We review pros and cons these classes, before focusing new...

Recent high resolution observations unveil ring structures in circumstellar disks. The origin of these rings has been widely investigated under various theoretical scenarios. In this work we perform global 3D non-ideal MHD simulations including effects from both Ohmic resistivity and ambipolar diffusion (AD) to model the HL Tau disk. profiles are calculated based on dust evolution calculation sintering effects. Disk ionization structure changes dramatically across snow line due change size...

Inside-Out Planet Formation (IOPF) proposes that the abundant systems of close-in Super-Earths and Mini-Neptunes form in situ at pressure maximum associated with Dead Zone Inner Boundary (DZIB). We present a model physical chemical evolution protoplanetary disk midplanes follows gas advection, radial drift pebbles gas-grain chemistry to predict abundances from 300~au down DZIB near 0.2 au. consider typical properties relevant for IOPF, i.e., accretion rates 1E-9 < dM/dt / (Msun/yr) 1E-8...

Recent high angular resolution ALMA observations have revealed numerous gaps in protoplanetary disks. A popular interpretation has been that planets open them. Most previous investigations of planet gap-opening concentrated on viscous Here, we carry out 2D (axisymmetric) global simulations gap opening by a wind-launching non-ideal MHD disk with consistent thermochemistry. We find strong concentration poloidal magnetic flux the planet-opened gap, where gas dynamics are magnetically dominated....

ABSTRACT Rings and gaps are routinely observed in the dust continuum emission of protoplanetary discs (PPDs). How they form evolve remains debated. Previous studies have demonstrated possibility spontaneous gas rings formation wind-launching discs. Here, we show that such substructures unstable to Rossby wave instability (RWI) through numerical simulations. Specifically, shorter wavelength azimuthal modes develop earlier, longer ones dominate later, forming elongated (arc-like) anticyclonic...

Abstract Rings and gaps are ubiquitous in protoplanetary disks. Larger dust grains will concentrate gaseous rings more compactly due to stronger aerodynamic drag. However, the effects of concentration on ring’s thermal structure have not been explored. Using MCRT simulations, we self-consistently construct ring models by iterating structure, hydrostatic equilibrium, concentration. We set up with two populations having different settling radial their sizes. find mechanisms that can lead...

Abstract Systems with tightly packed inner planets (STIPs) are very common. Chatterjee &amp; Tan proposed Inside-out Planet Formation (IOPF), an in situ formation theory, to explain these planets. IOPF involves sequential planet from pebble-rich rings that fed the outer disk and trapped at pressure maximum associated dead zone boundary (DZIB). masses set by their ability open a gap cause DZIB retreat outwards. We present models for density temperature structures relevant conditions of IOPF....

We have developed a vacuum-crushing method for the extraction of gases stored in shale determination gas yield, chemical composition, and carbon isotopic composition by online gas-chromatography mass spectrometry. Analysis evacuation parallel experiments showed low standard deviation good reproducibility. This approach significantly improved detection limits trace-gas analysis measured multiple nonhydrocarbon components single run. analyzed compositions released one-step vacuum crushing from...

Inside-Out Planet Formation (IOPF; Chatterjee & Tan 2014, hereafter CT14) is a scenario for sequential in situ planet formation at the pressure traps of retreating dead zone inner boundaries (DZIBs) motivated to explain many systems with tightly packed planets (STIPs) discovered by Kepler. The involves build-up pebble-dominated protoplanetary ring, supplied radial drift pebbles from outer disk. It may also involve further planetary masses gap-opening scales via continued pebble accretion....

Abstract The current COVID-19 pandemic urges in-depth investigation into proteins encoded with coronavirus (CoV), especially conserved CoV replicases. nsp13 of highly pathogenic MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and SARS-CoV exhibit the most Using single-molecule FRET, we observed that MERS-CoV unwound DNA in discrete steps approximately 9 bp when ATP was used. If another NTP used, then were only 4 to 5 bp. In dwell time analysis, detected 3 or hidden each unwinding process, which indicated hydrolysis...

ABSTRACT Recent high angular resolution ALMA observations have revealed rich information about protoplanetary discs, including ubiquitous substructures and three-dimensional gas kinematics at different emission layers. One interpretation of these is embedded planets. Previous 3D planet–disc interaction studies are either based on viscous simulations or non-ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) with simple prescribed magnetic diffusivities. This study investigates the dynamics gap formation in MHD...

The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the importance of in-depth research into proteins encoded by coronaviruses (CoV), particularly highly conserved nonstructural CoV (nsp). Among these, nsp13 helicase severe pathogenic MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and SARS-CoV is one most preserved nsp. Utilizing single-molecule FRET, we discovered that MERS-CoV unwinds DNA in distinct steps about 9 bp when ATP employed. If a different nucleotide introduced, these diminish to 3–4 bp. Dwell-time analysis revealed...

Abstract Fast, collimated jets are ubiquitous features of young stellar objects. They generally thought to be powered by disk accretion, but the details debated. Through 2D (axisymmetric) MHD simulations, we find that a fast (&gt;100 km s −1 ) bipolar jet is continuously driven along north and south poles circumstellar initially magnetized large-scale open poloidal field contains thermally ionized inner magnetically active zone surrounded dead zone. The primarily magnetocentrifugally release...

Abstract Aim We aimed to investigate the level of undergraduate nursing students' professional identity (PI) during COVID‐19 pandemic and its potential influences. Methods This cross‐sectional study included 742 students from Chengdu Medical College. Basic demographics, personal characteristics PI score were collected. Chi‐squared test, one‐way analysis variance, multivariable logistic regression used analyze data. Results In classes 2019, 2020, 2021, was 96.85 ± 18.26, 105.37 17.46, 106.67...

The COVID-19 pandemic causes a massive global health crisis and produces substantial economic social distress, which in turn may cause stress anxiety among people. Real-world events play key role shaping collective sentiment society. As people listen to music daily everywhere the world, of being listened can reflect mood listeners serve as measure sentiment. However, exact relationship between real-world is not clear. Driven by this research gap, we use unexpected outbreak natural experiment...