A5082946344- Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions
- Plant and animal studies
- Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
- Fungal Biology and Applications
- Environmental Conservation and Management
- Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Studies
- Plant Diversity and Evolution
- Fern and Epiphyte Biology
- Nematode management and characterization studies
- Forest Insect Ecology and Management
- Genetic diversity and population structure
- Enzyme-mediated dye degradation
- Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis
- Plant tissue culture and regeneration
- Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
- Fermentation and Sensory Analysis
- Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior
- Yeasts and Rust Fungi Studies
- Botany and Plant Ecology Studies
- RNA Research and Splicing
- Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
- Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Political Economy and Marxism
University of Vienna
2017-2024
Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research
2020-2023
University of Oslo
2014-2021
Vienna University of Economics and Business
2021
Harvard University
2011-2014
European Bioinformatics Institute
2011
Wellcome Trust
2011
Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
2000
Francis Martin and colleagues report genome sequences for 18 species of mycorrhizal fungi a phylogenomic analysis including 32 other fungal genomes. The study identifies cell wall-degradation genes lost in all true ectomycorrhizal and, using gene expression data, finds candidate the establishment symbiosis. To elucidate genetic bases lifestyle evolution, we sequenced new genomes, 13 (ECM), orchid (ORM) ericoid (ERM) species, five saprotrophs, which analyzed along with Ectomycorrhizal have...
Abstract Armillaria species are both devastating forest pathogens and some of the largest terrestrial organisms on Earth. They forage for hosts achieve immense colony sizes via rhizomorphs, root-like multicellular structures clonal dispersal. Here, we sequenced analysed genomes four performed RNA sequencing quantitative proteomic analysis invasive reproductive developmental stages A. ostoyae . Comparison with 22 related fungi revealed a significant genome expansion in , affecting several...
Phylogenetic relationships in the Olea europaea complex and phylogeography of 24 populations Macaronesian olive (O. ssp. cerasiformis) were assessed by using three molecular markers: nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS-1) sequences, randomly amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPD), intersimple sequence repeats (ISSR). Parsimony analysis ITS-1 sequences Neighbour-joining (NJ) analyses RAPD ISSR banding variation revealed four major lineages O. complex: (1) cuspidata; (2)...
Abstract Speciation, the continuous process by which new species form, is often investigated looking at variation of nucleotide diversity and differentiation across genome (hereafter genomic landscapes). A key challenge lies in how to determine main evolutionary forces play shaping these patterns. One promising strategy, albeit little used date, comparatively investigate landscapes as progression through time using a series pairs along divergence gradient. Here, we resequenced 201...
The subgenus Tillandsia (Bromeliaceae) belongs to one of the fastest radiating clades in plant kingdom and is characterized by repeated evolution Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM). Despite its complex genetic basis, this water-conserving trait has evolved independently across many families regarded as a key innovation driver ecological diversification Bromeliaceae. By producing high-quality genome assemblies species pair displaying divergent photosynthetic phenotypes, combining genome-wide...
Transposable elements (TEs) are ubiquitous inhabitants of eukaryotic genomes and their proliferation dispersal shape genome architectures diversity. Nevertheless, TE dynamics often explored for one species at a time rarely considered in ecological contexts. Recent work with plant pathogens suggests link between symbiosis abundance. The pathogenic fungi appear to house an increased abundance TEs, TEs frequently associated the genes involved symbiosis. To investigate whether this pattern is...
Target capture has emerged as an important tool for phylogenetics and population genetics in nonmodel taxa. Whereas developing taxon-specific probes requires sustained efforts, available universal kits may have a lower power to reconstruct relationships at shallow phylogenetic scales within rapidly radiating clades. We present here newly developed target set Bromeliaceae, large ecologically diverse plant family with highly variable diversification rates. The targets 1776 coding regions,...
Abstract Understanding the genetics of biological diversification across micro‐ and macro‐evolutionary time scales is a vibrant field research for molecular ecologists as rapid advances in sequencing technologies promise to overcome former limitations. In palms, an emblematic, economically ecologically important plant family with high diversity tropics, studies at population species levels are still hampered by lack genomic markers suitable genotyping large numbers recently diverged taxa. To...
The rhizosphere of plants is enriched in nutrients facilitating growth microorganisms, some which are recruited as endophytes. Endophytes, especially Actinobacteria, known to produce a plethora bioactive compounds. We hypothesized that Leontopodium nivale subsp. alpinum (Edelweiss), rare alpine medicinal plant, may serve yet untapped source for uncommon Actinobacteria associated with this plant. Rhizosphere soil native Alpine was used, after physical and chemical pre-treatments, isolating...
Fungi are evolutionary shape shifters and adapt quickly to new environments. Ectomycorrhizal (EM) symbioses mutualistic associations between fungi plants have evolved repeatedly independently across the fungal tree of life, suggesting lineages frequently reconfigure genome content take advantage open ecological niches. To date analyses genomic mechanisms facilitating EM involved comparisons distantly related species, but here, we use genomes three two asymbiotic (AS) from genus Amanita as...
Abstract Canonical sexual reproduction among basidiomycete fungi involves the fusion of two haploid individuals different mating types, resulting in a heterokaryotic mycelial body made up genetically nuclei. Using population genomics data and experiments, we discover mushrooms invasive deadly Amanita phalloides can also be homokaryotic; evidence by single, unmated individuals. In California, genotypes homokaryotic are found mushrooms, implying nuclei mycelia involved outcrossing. We find...
Abstract The adaptive radiation of Bromeliaceae (pineapple family) is one the most diverse among Neotropical flowering plants. Diversification in this group was facilitated by shifts several traits or “key innovations” including transition from C 3 to CAM photosynthesis associated with xeric (heat/drought) adaptation. We used phylogenomic approaches, complemented differential gene expression (RNA‐seq) and targeted metabolite profiling, address mechanisms /CAM evolution extremely species‐rich...
Phylogenomic approaches to the resolution of inter-species relationships have become well established in recent years. Often these involve concatenation many orthologous genes found respective genomes followed by analysis using standard phylogenetic models. Genome-scale data promise increased minimising sampling error, yet are associated with well-known but often inappropriately addressed caveats arising through heterogeneity and model violation. These can lead reconstruction...
Fungi are important decomposers of woody biomass in natural habitats. Investigation the mechanisms employed by decay fungi their attempt to degrade wood is for both basic scientific understanding ecology and carbon cycling nature applied uses materials. For wooden building materials, long service life storage essential, but responsible massive losses service. Thus, optimization durable products future major importance. In this study, we have investigated fungal genetic response furfurylated...
Many recent studies have addressed the mechanisms operating during early stages of speciation, but surprisingly few tested theoretical predictions on evolution strong reproductive isolation (RI). To help address this gap, we first undertook a quantitative review hybrid zone literature for flowering plants in relation to barriers. Then, using Populus as an exemplary model group, analysed genome-wide variation phylogenetic tree topologies both early- and late-stage speciation taxa determine...
Ecological niche breadth and the mechanisms facilitating its evolution are fundamental to understanding adaptation changing environments, persistence of generalist specialist lineages formation new species. Woody substrates structurally complex resources utilized by organisms with specialized decay machinery. Wood-decaying fungi represent ideal model systems study breadth, as they vary greatly in their host range preferred stage substrate. In order dissect genetic basis for specialization...
Summary The genus Amanita encompasses both symbiotic, ectomycorrhizal fungi and asymbiotic litter decomposers; all species are derived from ancestors. Symbiotic no longer able to degrade plant cell walls. carbohydrate esterases family 1 ( CE 1s) is a diverse group of enzymes involved in carbon metabolism, including decomposition storage. genes the A . muscaria appear diverged other fungal homologues, more similar 1s bacteria, suggesting horizontal gene transfer HGT ) event. In order test...
The basidiomycete Chondrostereum purpureum (Silverleaf fungus) is a saprotroph and plant pathogen commercially used for combatting forest "weed" trees in vegetation management. However, little known about its lignocellulose-degrading capabilities the enzymatic machinery that responsible degradative potential, it not yet clear to which group of wood-rot fungi actually belongs. Here, we sequenced analyzed draft genome C. (41.2 Mbp) performed quantitative proteomic approach during growth...
Abstract Climate change causes increased tree mortality leading to canopy loss and thus sun‐exposed forest floors. Sun exposure creates extreme temperatures radiation, with potentially more drastic effects on organisms than the current increase in mean temperature. Such conditions might negatively affect maturation of mushrooms fungi. A failure reaching would no sexual spore release and, thus, entail a genetic diversity. However, we currently have limited understanding quality quantity...
Canonical sexual reproduction among basidiomycete fungi involves the fusion of two haploid individuals different sexes, resulting in a heterokaryotic mycelial body made up genetically nuclei 1 . Using population genomics data, we discovered mushrooms deadly invasive Amanita phalloides are also homokaryotic, evidence by single individuals. In California, genotypes homokaryotic found mushrooms, implying mycelia promote outcrossing. We death cap mating is controlled mating-type locus ( A....
Summary Global change is reshaping Earth's biodiversity, but the changing distributions of nonpathogenic fungi remain largely undocumented, as do mechanisms enabling invasions. The ectomycorrhizal Amanita phalloides native to Europe and invasive in North America. Using population genetics genomics, we sought describe life history traits this successfully invading symbiotic fungus. To test whether death caps spread underground using hyphae, or aboveground sexual spores, mapped genotyped...