Self-organized pattern behavior is ubiquitous throughout nature, from fish schooling to collective cell dynamics during organism development. Qualitatively these patterns display impressive consistency, yet variability inevitably exists within pattern-forming systems on both microscopic and macroscopic scales. Quantifying measuring features can inform the underlying agent interactions allow for predictive analyses. Nevertheless, current methods analyzing that arise only capture features, or...

Zebrafish have distinctive black stripes and yellow interstripes that form owing to the interaction of different pigment cells. We present a two-population agent-based model for development regeneration these informed by recent experimental results. Our describes stripe pattern formation, laser ablation mutations. find fish growth shortens necessary scale long-range interactions iridophores, third type cell, help align interstripes.

Abstract Zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) feature black and yellow stripes, while related Danios display different patterns. All these patterns form due to the interactions of pigment cells, which self-organize on fish skin. Until recently, research focused two cell types (melanophores xanthophores), but newer work has uncovered leading role a third type, iridophores: by carefully orchestrated transitions in form, iridophores instruct other little is known about what drives their changes. Here we...

Abstract Different cell types aggregate and sort into hierarchical architectures during the formation of animal tissues. The resulting spatial organization depends (in part) on strength adhesion one type to itself relative other types. However, automated unsupervised classification these multicellular patterns remains challenging, particularly given their structural diversity biological variability. Recent developments based topological data analysis are intriguing reveal similarities in...

Land plants alternate between asexual sporophytes and sexual gametophytes. Unlike seed plants, ferns develop free-living Gametophytes of the model fern Ceratopteris exhibit two sex types: hermaphrodites with pluripotent meristems males lacking meristems. In absence pheromone antheridiogen, convert to by forming de novo meristems, though mechanisms remain unclear. Using long-term time-lapse imaging computational analyses, we captured male-to-hermaphrodite conversion at single-cell resolution...

Forecasting elections---a challenging, high-stakes problem---is the subject of much uncertainty, subjectivity, and media scrutiny. To shed light on this process, we develop a method for forecasting elections from perspective dynamical systems. Our model borrows ideas epidemiology, use polling data United States to determine its parameters. Surprisingly, our performs as well popular forecasters 2012 2016 U.S. presidential, senatorial, gubernatorial races. Although contagion voting dynamics...

Self-organization of individuals within large collectives occurs throughout biology. Mathematical models can help elucidate the individual-level mechanisms behind these dynamics, but analytical tractability often comes at cost biological intuition. Discrete provide straightforward interpretations by tracking each individual yet be computationally expensive. Alternatively, continuous supply a large-scale perspective representing ‘effective’ dynamics infinite agents, their results are...

We consider a periodically forced 1D Langevin equation that possesses two stable periodic solutions in the absence of noise. ask question: is there most likely noise-induced transition path between these allows us to identify preferred phase forcing when tipping occurs? The quasistatic regime, where period long compared adiabatic relaxation time, has been well studied; our work instead explores case time scales are comparable. compute optimal paths using integral method incorporating...

Epidemiological studies to better understand wheat blast (WB) spatial and temporal patterns were conducted in three field environments Bolivia between 2019 2020. The dynamics of leaf (W L B) spike S best described by the logistic model compared with Gompertz exponential models. nonlinear infection rates higher under defined inoculation experiments two than undefined experiment one, they also for W B B. onset began a clustering pattern according autocorrelation analysis Moran's index values,...

From flocking birds to schooling fish, organisms interact form collective dynamics across the natural world. Self-organization is present at smaller scales as well: cells and move during development produce patterns in fish skin, wound healing relies on cell migration. Across these examples, scientists are interested shedding light individual behaviors informing spatial group predicting that will emerge under altered agent interactions. One challenge goals images of self-organization --...

In the months leading up to political elections in United States, forecasts are widespread and take on multiple forms, including projections of what party will win popular vote, state ratings, predictions vote margins at level. It can be challenging evaluate how accuracy changes lead Election Day or put probabilistic into historical context. Moreover, differ between analysts, highlighting many choices forecasting process. With this as motivation, here we a more comprehensive view begin...

Practically, all chemotherapeutic agents lead to drug resistance. Clinically, it is a challenge determine whether resistance arises prior to, or as result of, cancer therapy. Further, number of different intracellular and microenvironmental factors have been correlated with the emergence With goal better understanding its connection tumor microenvironment, we developed hybrid discrete-continuous mathematical model. In this model, cells described through particle-spring approach respond...

<abstract><p>Academic spaces in colleges and universities span classrooms for $ 10 students to lecture halls that hold over 600 people. During the break between consecutive classes, from first class must leave new find their desks, regardless of whether room holds or Here we address question how size large affects classroom-turnover times, focusing on non-emergency settings. By adapting established social-force model, treat as individuals who interact move through reach...

Self-organisation of individuals within large collectives occurs throughout biology. Mathematical models can help elucidate the individual-level mechanisms behind these dynamics, but analytical tractability often comes at cost biological intuition. Discrete provide straightforward interpretations by tracking each individual yet be computationally expensive. Alternatively, continuous supply a large-scale perspective representing "effective" dynamics infinite agents, their results are...

.Mathematical models come in many forms across biological applications. In the case of complex, spatial dynamics and pattern formation, stochastic also face two main challenges: data are largely qualitative, model realizations may vary significantly. Together these issues make it difficult to relate empirical data—or even models—limiting how different approaches can be combined offer new insights into biology. These challenges raise mathematical questions about related, since alternative...

Forecasting elections -- a challenging, high-stakes problem is the subject of much uncertainty, subjectivity, and media scrutiny. To shed light on this process, we develop method for forecasting from perspective dynamical systems. Our model borrows ideas epidemiology, use polling data United States to determine its parameters. Surprisingly, our general performs as well popular forecasters 2012 2016 U.S. races president, senators, governors. Although contagion voting dynamics differ, work...