Although pathologic changes to the structure and function of small blood vessels are hallmarks various cardiovascular diseases, limitations conventional investigation methods (i.e. pressure myography) have prohibited a comprehensive understanding underlying mechanisms. We developed microfluidic device facilitate assessment resistance artery under physiological conditions (37 °C, 45 mmHg transmural pressure). The platform allows for on-chip fixation, long-term culture fully automated...

ABSTRACT Antibiotic resistance has emerged globally as one of the biggest threats to human and animal health. Although excessive use antibiotics is recognized accelerating selection for resistance, there a growing body evidence suggesting that natural environments are “hot spots” development both ancient contemporary mechanisms. Given pharmaceuticals can be entrained onto agricultural land through anthropogenic activities, this could potential driver emergence dissemination in soil bacteria....

Expression of the mexXY multidrug efflux operon in wild type Pseudomonas aeruginosa is substantially enhanced by ribosome-targeting antimicrobial spectinomycin (18-fold) and this wholly dependent upon product PA5471 gene. In a mutant strain lacking mexZ gene encoding repressor expression, expression increases modestly (5-fold) still responsive to spectinomycin. Spectinomycin induction is, however, independent suggesting that functions as an anti-repressor (dubbed ArmZ for MexZ) serves only...

ABSTRACT Screening of a transposon insertion mutant library Pseudomonas aeruginosa for increased susceptibility to paromomycin identified number genes whose disruption enhanced this organism multiple aminoglycosides, including tobramycin, amikacin, and gentamicin. These included associated with lipid biosynthesis or metabolism ( lptA , faoA ), phosphate uptake pstB two-component regulators amgRS PA2797-PA2798) gene unknown function (PA0392). Deletion mutants lacking these showed...

The resistance-nodulation-division (RND) family multidrug efflux system MexXY-OprM is a major determinant of aminoglycoside resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, although the details recognition and export by MexY, substrate-binding RND component this system, have not been elucidated. To identify regions/residues MexY important for resistance, plasmid-borne mexY was mutagenized mutations that impaired MexY-promoted (streptomycin) were identified ΔmexY strain P. aeruginosa. Sixty-one...

Abstract Background With the escalating risk of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), there are limited analytical options available that can comprehensively assess burden AMR carried by clinical/environmental samples. Food be a potential source bacteria for humans, but its significance in driving clinical spread remains unclear, largely due to lack holistic-yet-sensitive tools surveillance and evaluation. Metagenomics is culture-independent approach well suited uncovering genetic determinants...

AmgRS is an envelope stress-responsive two-component system and aminoglycoside resistance determinant in Pseudomonas aeruginosa that proposed to protect cells from membrane damage caused by aminoglycoside-generated mistranslated polypeptides. Consistent with this, a ΔamgR strain showed increased aminoglycoside-promoted damage, was largely absent AmgRS-activated amgS-mutant strains. Intriguingly, one such mutation, V121G, while providing for enhanced aminoglycosides, rendered P. susceptible...

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health threat, but the role of foods in its dissemination poorly understood. We examined incidence foodborne bacteria carrying AMR genes considered high-priority research targets by World Health Organization. Frozen, ready-to-eat, avocado, coconut, mango, and peach (n=161) were tested for encoding extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) carbapenemases. Over 600 presumptive-positive isolates recovered analyzed with pooled sequencing strategy...

The amgRS operon encodes a presumed membrane stress-responsive two-component system linked to intrinsic aminoglycoside resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Genome sequencing of lab isolate showing modest pan-aminoglycoside resistance, strain K2979, revealed number mutations, including substitution amgS that produced an R182C change the AmgS sensor kinase product this gene. Introduction mutation into otherwise wild-type recapitulated phenotype, while correcting resistant mutant abrogated...

Pan-aminoglycoside-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa mutants expressing the mexXY components of aminoglycoside-accommodating MexXY-OprM multidrug efflux system but lacking mutations in mexZ gene encoding a repressor this and promoter have been reported (S. Fraud K. Poole, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 55:1068-1074, 2011). Genome sequencing one these mutants, K2966, revealed presence mutation within predicted region rplU-rpmA operon ribosomal proteins L21 L27, consistent with an observed...

Biosolids that are applied to agricultural soil as an organic fertilizer frequently contaminated with pharmaceutical residues have persisted during wastewater treatment and partitioned into the phase. Macrolide antibiotics, which serve a critically important human medicine, been detected within biosolids. To determine impacts of macrolide antibiotics on bacteria, every year for decade, series replicated field plots received application mixture erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin at...

LmrA is a multidrug ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter from Lactococcus lactis with no known physiological substrate, which can transport wide range of chemotherapeutic agents and toxins the cell. The protein functionally replace human homologue ABCB1 (also termed resistance P-glycoprotein MDR1) in lung fibroblast cells. Even though mediates ATP-dependent transport, it use proton-motive force to substrates, such as ethidium bromide, across membrane by reversible, H(+)-dependent,...

ABSTRACT The ribosome-targeting antimicrobial, spectinomycin (SPC), strongly induced the mexXY genes of MexXY-OprM multidrug efflux system in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and increased susceptibility to polycationic antimicrobials polymyxin B E, concomitant with a decrease expression resistance-promoting lipopolysaccharide (LPS) modification loci, arnBCADTEF PA4773-74. Consistent SPC-promoted reduction arn PA4773-74 being linked , these LPS loci was moderated mutant constitutively expressing...

Abstract Background We had earlier described the growth-promoting and -depressive effects of replacing soybean meal (SBM) with low (12.5% 25%) high (50% 100%) inclusion levels black soldier fly larvae (BSFLM), respectively, in Ross x 708 broiler chicken diets. Herein, using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, we investigated SBM increasing (0-100%) BSFLM diets on cecal bacterial community composition at each growth phase compared to broilers fed a basal corn-SBM diet or without in-feed...

Shigella spp. are Gram-negative gastrointestinal bacterial pathogens that cause bacillary dysentery or shigellosis in humans. Isolation of from outbreak-associated foods is often problematic due to the lack selectivity cultural enrichment broths. To facilitate recovery foods, we have developed strain-specific media based on genomically-predicted antimicrobial resistance (AMR) features an sonnei strain harboring genes for streptomycin (STR) and trimethoprim (TMP). assess performance method,...

ABSTRACT A screen for agents that potentiated the activity of paromomycin (PAR), a 4,5-linked aminoglycoside (AG), against wild-type Pseudomonas aeruginosa identified RNA polymerase inhibitor rifampin (RIF). RIF additional AGs, such as neomycin and ribostamycin, but not clinically important 4,6-linked AGs amikacin gentamicin. Potentiation was absent in mutant lacking AmgRS envelope stress response two-component system (TCS), which protects organism from AG-generated membrane-damaging...

LmrA is a bacterial ATP-binding cassette (ABC) multidrug exporter that uses metabolic energy to transport ions, cytotoxic drugs, and lipids. Voltage clamping in Port-a-Patch was used monitor electrical currents associated with the of monovalent cationic HEPES+ by single-LmrA transporters ensembles transporters. In these experiments, one proton chloride ion are effluxed together each out inner compartment, whereas two sodium ions transported into this compartment. Consequently, sodium-motive...

Abstract The global spread of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) poses a significant threat to public health. While antibiotics effectively treat bacterial infections, they can also induce gut dysbiosis, the severity which varies depending on specific antibiotic treatment used. However, it remains unclear how dysbiosis affects mobility and dynamics ARGs. To address this, mice were pre-treated with streptomycin, ampicillin, or sulfamethazine, then orally inoculated Salmonella enterica...

American cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) and lowbush/wild blueberry (V. angustifolium) pomace are polyphenol-rich products having potentially beneficial effects in broiler chickens. This study investigated the cecal microbiome of broiler-vaccinated or non-vaccinated birds against coccidiosis. Birds each two groups (vaccinated non-vaccinated) were fed a basal non-supplemented diet (NC), supplemented with bacitracin (BAC), (CP), lowbush (BP) alone combination (CP + BP). At 21 days age, DNA...

The global spread of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) poses a significant threat to public health. While antibiotics effectively treat bacterial infections, they can also induce gut dysbiosis, the severity which varies depending on specific antibiotic treatment used. However, it remains unclear how dysbiosis affects mobility and dynamics ARGs. To address this, mice were pre-treated with streptomycin, ampicillin, or sulfamethazine, then orally inoculated

Widely-regarded as a so-called "superfood", microgreens have become an increasingly significant food crop from both nutritional and agricultural standpoints. However, similar to other produce commodities that are also cultivated using modernized indoor-farming methods, there been mounting concerns over the potential risks of consuming contaminated by Listeria monocytogenes. To gain insights into microbial properties microgreens, this study characterized bacterial composition fresh microgreen...