Diseases of tropical reef organisms is an intensive area study, but despite significant advances in methodology and the global knowledge base, identifying proximate causes disease outbreaks remains difficult. The dynamics infectious wildlife diseases are known to be influenced by shifting interactions among host, pathogen, other members microbiome, a collective body work clearly demonstrates that this also case for main foundation species on reefs, corals. Yet, wildlife, coral stand out as...

Vibrio is a ubiquitous genus of marine bacteria, typically comprising small fraction the total microbial community in surface waters, but capable becoming dominant taxon response to poorly characterized factors. Iron (Fe), often restricted by limited bioavailability and low external supply, an essential micronutrient that can limit growth. species have robust metabolic capabilities array Fe-acquisition mechanisms, are able respond rapidly nutrient influx, yet environmental pulses Fe remains...

We propose ‘the moving target hypothesis’ to describe the aetiology of a contemporary coral disease that differs from its historical state. Hitting with is complex pursuit requires understanding host and environment, may lack single pathogen solution. White pox (WPX) affects Caribbean Acropora palmata . Acroporid serratiosis form WPX for which bacterial ( Serratia marcescens ) has been established. used long-term (1994–2014) photographic monitoring evaluate epizootiology affecting A. at...

Exposure to early life stress (ELS) is associated with a greater risk of chronic disease development including depression and cardiovascular disease. Altered gut microbiota has been linked both in mice humans. Rodent models neglect are used characterize the mechanistic links between later life. However, little understood about ELS exposure young influence maternal inheritance microbiota. We mouse model ELS, separation weaning (MSEW), normally reared determine whether neonate altered, if so,...

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), such as abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction, are associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) indicators future CVD in adulthood, greater vascular stiffness. The impact ACEs adolescence is unclear, understanding how relate to blood pressure (BP) function during early life key for the development prevention strategies reduce risk. We hypothesized that exposure would be changes central hemodynamics increased stiffness BP...

ABSTRACT The critically endangered elkhorn coral ( Acropora palmata ) is affected by white pox disease (WPX) throughout the Florida Reef Tract and wider Caribbean. bacterium Serratia marcescens was previously identified as one etiologic agent of WPX but no longer consistently detected in contemporary outbreaks. It now believed that multiple agents cause WPX; however, to date, other potential pathogens have been thoroughly investigated. This study examined association Vibrio bacteria with...

Coral surface mucus layer (SML) microbiota are critical components of the coral holobiont and play important roles in nutrient cycling defense against pathogens. We sequenced 16S rRNA amplicons to examine structure SML microbiome within between colonies threatened Caribbean reef-building Acropora palmata Florida Keys. Samples were taken from three spatially distinct colony regions--uppermost (high irradiance), underside (low base--representing microhabitats that vary irradiance water flow....

Corals have complex symbiotic associations that can be influenced by the environment. We compare dinoflagellate (family: Symbiodiniaceae) and microbiome of five scleractinian coral species from three different reef habitats in Palau, Micronesia. Although pH temperature corresponded with specific host-Symbiodiniaceae common to nearshore offshore habitats, bacterial community dissimilarity analyses indicated minimal influence these factors on microbial membership for corals Coelastrea aspera,...

Both ketogenic diets (KD) and time-restricted feeding (TRF) regimens have the ability to influence several parameters of physical health, including gut microbiome composition circulating cytokine concentration. Moreover, both these dietary interventions prevent common impairments associated with aging process. However, significantly altering macronutrient intake, which is required for a KD, may be unappealing individuals decrease compliance treatments. In contrast TRF allows continue eating...

Abstract The relationship between dietary habits and microbiota composition during adolescence has not been well examined. This is a crucial knowledge gap to fill considering that diet–microbiota interactions influence neurodevelopment, immune system maturation metabolic regulation. study examined the associations diet gut in school-based sample of 136 adolescents ( M age = 12·1 years; range 11–13 48 % female; 47 Black, 38 non-Hispanic White, 15 Hispanic or other minorities) from urban,...

Significance Both IL10 and ICOSL are risk alleles for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The role of IL-10 in preventing gut inflammation is well established experimentally clinically. However, it unclear whether how functions the intestines, might impact susceptibility to inflammation. We found that mice, absence associated with increased accumulation IL-10–producing CD4 T cells but dramatic reductions anti-commensal antibodies, resulting limited recognition antigens implicated progression...

Abstract Objective Prompt diagnosis of pediatric‐onset inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is crucial for preventing a complicated course; however, it not well understood how social determinants health might affect pediatric IBD diagnosis. This study examined differences in age, biomarkers severity, and anthropometrics with sociodemographic factors cohort. Methods Pediatric patients ( n = 114) their parents/caregivers were enrolled from the Children's Alabama Clinic Birmingham, Alabama. Primary...

Patients with polycythemia vera (PV) have historically been considered to be at high risk for perioperative hemorrhagic and thromboembolic complications. However, no recent studies compared these outcomes between treated PV patients without undergoing similar procedures.Patients who underwent surgery anesthesia from June 1, 2006, May 31, 2011, were randomly matched (sex, age, type of surgical procedure, year) a ratio 1:4 control PV. Conditional logistic regression analysis adjusting...

Childhood obesity increases adult metabolic and cardiovascular disease risk. Using blood for long-term biomarker analysis in children is problematic because of the discomfort, pain, anxiety associated with frequent draws. Noninvasive methods are vital predicting childhood complications. This study examined body mass index-for-age percentile scores (zBMI) as a predictor salivary biomarkers metabolism inflammation, including insulin C-Reactive Protein (CRP), over time. A school sample 288...

Obesity is a global concern and affects millions of Americans who consume poor-quality diets. Diets directly affect the gut microbiota, which can have subsequent effects on inflammation contribute to other chronic states. Previously we shown that Standard American Diet (SAD) increased immune cell activation prolonged recovery beneficial diet could reduce these negative effects. Here, male female mice were given access regular chow (REG), SAD, our Anti-Inflammatory (AID) or combination SAD...

Up to 25% of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients are diagnosed before the age 18 years, and incidence prevalence pediatric-onset IBD increasing worldwide. Pediatric is aggressive delayed diagnosis associated with stunted growth, puberty, an increased risk complications. Historically, has been viewed as a that predominantly affects non-Hispanic Whites. However, among racial ethnic minorities increasing. These demographic changes have sparked growing awareness disparities in management...

Early‐life stress (ELS) increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other chronic inflammatory diseases including bowel (IBD). perturbations in gut microbiota that enhance a pro‐inflammatory state or reduce microbial metabolites are important for regulating metabolic homeostasis may predispose children to IBD CVD later life. Previous investigations ELS have not focused on early stages colonization community development. We used mouse model ELS, maternal separation with...

Early life stress (ELS) is an independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease in adulthood both humans and rodent models. Maternal separation early weaning (MSEW), a model ELS, produces mice with increased dysfunction adulthood, despite resting blood pressures (BP), heart rates (HR), body weights comparable to normally reared controls. Autonomic regulation HR BP important component homeostatic response but has not been investigated MSEW mice. We hypothesized that...

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), such as abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction, have been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adulthood. Understanding how ACEs affects blood pressure during early life is key for the development interventions that may reduce future CVD. We hypothesized exposure to detrimental hemodynamic parameters adolescence. This study included 78 male female adolescents (median age=16, range=13-18) recruited from Children’s Alabama...

Exposure to early life stress (ELS) is associated with a greater risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) later in life. Using mouse model ELS, we have recently showed that 4-week-old pre-pubertal mice exposed ELS lower microbial diversity and reduced abundances Lachnospiraceae Ruminococcaceae taxa, which are important producers short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). An essential mechanism by gut microbes influence host physiology through the production SCFAs act as vasoactive mediators,...

Exposure to early life stress (ELS) is associated with a greater risk of chronic disease development including depression, cardiovascular (CVD), and inflammatory bowel (IBD). Changes in the gut microbiota have been linked IBD CVD. Rodent models neglect are used characterize mechanistic links between ELS exposure later life. However, little understood about microbiota. We mouse model ELS, maternal separation weaning (MSEW) normally-reared (NR) mice determine whether neonate altered, if so,...

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) include exposure to abuse (verbal and physical), neglect, household dysfunction during childhood. ACEs have long-lasting health impacts including increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) hypertension in adulthood. However, it is not clear how ACE CVD earlier the life course, particularly adolescence. To address this gap knowledge, study we hypothesized that associated with abnormal ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) profiles adolescents, an incidence...