A recent study in humans, animal studies, and vitro data have suggested that interleukin-6 (IL-6) stimulates the secretory activity of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis. In a phase II study, one female six male patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma received IL-6 to evaluate possible antitumor effect IL-6. This offered possibility investigating influence on HPA axis man. The subjects were studied 1 day before, 1, 21 therapy (150 micrograms administered sc every at 0900...

To develop a clinically and methodologically sound approach to diagnostic meta-analysis.Two-step model was used involving four fictitious sets of 10 studies each with varying sensitivity specificity; this followed by the application method data from published systematic review emergency ultrasound. Multidimensional test characteristics (relating detection or exclusion condition interest) were described likelihood ratio scatterplots pooled ratios. Likelihood ratios summarise ability revise...

Journal Article Soluble Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptors Correlate with Parasitemia and Disease Severity in Human Malaria Get access Peter Kern, Kern Reprints or correspondence: Dr. Section of Infectious Diseases, University Ulm, Robert-Koch-Str. 8, D-7900, Germany. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Christoph Josef Hemmer, Hemmer Harald Gallati, Gallati Stefan Neifer, Neifer Kremsner, Kremsner Manfred Dietrich, Dietrich Franz Porzsolt The Volume...

The presence of soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF) binding proteins (BP) was investigated in the sera healthy volunteer blood donors and cancer patients. Two distinct types TNFBP, A B, which are immunologically related to cellular 75-kD TNF receptor (TNFR) 55-kD TNFR, respectively, were assessed by immunoassays using nonblocking anti-receptor antibodies 125I-recombinant human alpha. As compared titers observed 25 controls, TNFBP B found be elevated almost all obtained from patients with...

Abstract Background Interest in assessing the value of health-care services Germany has considerably increased since foundation Institut für Qualität und Wirtschaftlichkeit im Gesundheitswesen, IQWiG (Institute for Quality and Efficiency Health Care). The practical application assessment illustrates how problematic process can be. In all decisions made provision health care, data concerning measurable dimensions (quantity quality efficacy effectiveness, validity results costs) flow into a...

The major conclusions of the Workshop on Goals Palliative Cancer Therapy are as follows: 1. goals any cancer therapy should be stated explicitly. 2. If goal treatment is palliation, this documented according to one established and validated methods for assessment quality life. Several available, although imperfect, have been shown give reliable information. 3. use simple measures life (eg, symptom checklists, pain cards) become routine in oncology practice. act introducing such improves...

According to Sir Archibald Cochrane systematic errors can be avoided in clinical studies if the three dimensions of health care are confirmed: (a) objective principle action (the Proof Principle, PoP) (b) suitability everyday Real-World Effectiveness, RWE), and (c) subjectively perceived value (Value). The strategy for confirming these is suggested. method proving services (RWE) described six chapters: 1. basis evaluation services. 2. "terminology conflict" used describe "natural chaos...

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are foundational in evidence-based medicine but often limited by their reliance on conditions and highly selective patient populations, which may not reflect real-world healthcare outcomes. This commentary highlights the value of pragmatic (PCTs) as a complementary method for evaluating effectiveness (RWE). By employing Bayesian statistical approaches, PCTs enable comprehensive assessment interventions under everyday conditions, bridging gap between...

The neoplastic cells of CLL are able to produce TNF which is known stimulate the proliferation in an autocrine and paracrine manner. Genetic polymorphism molecules ligand superfamily has been described certain alleles were suspected predispose variant biological responses. Previously, rare allele TNFB*1 TNF‐β/lymphotoxin (LT)‐α gene (NcoI, asparagine at amino acid position 26) was found be associated with a stronger LT‐α response PBMC vitro . We now report on significant increase TNF1 (TNFA...

_Introduction._ The ‘natural chaos’ of seemingly unstructured healthcare can be analyzed under structured conditions. This study describes methods for quantification progress in healthcare. _Methods._ Engineers published the ‟front-end processor (FEP)” method to detect and eliminate defects steel production. We use three scenarios demonstrate that FEP confirm congruence expectations, existing data derived results (1) Six teams validity criteria each 20 publications initial question with its...

Sir Archibald Cochrane requested about 100 years ago answers to three questions before implementation of innovations in health care. These request the confirmation efficacy, i.e. “Proof Principle (PoP)”, objective “Real-World Effectiveness (RWE)” and subjectively perceived value (VAL) care services. At same time, Ronald A. Fisher developed concept Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) for research agriculture. This has become accepted gold standard demonstration effects past 50 years. RCTs are a...