A5069331474- Machine Learning in Healthcare
- Topic Modeling
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies
- Microscopic Colitis
- Natural Language Processing Techniques
- Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
- Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health, Environment, Cognitive Aging
- Mental Health via Writing
- Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Electronic Health Records Systems
- Mental Health Research Topics
- Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)
- Delphi Technique in Research
- Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Helicobacter pylori-related gastroenterology studies
- Chronic Disease Management Strategies
- Semantic Web and Ontologies
- Sex and Gender in Healthcare
- Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment
Science Oxford
2025
University of Oxford
2018-2024
Warneford Hospital
2018-2023
Mathematical Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences
2023
University of Glasgow
2023
We provide an introduction to the signature method, focusing on its theoretical properties and machine learning applications. Our presentation is divided into two parts. In first part, we present definition fundamental of a path. The sequence numbers associated with path that captures many important analytic geometric properties. As numbers, serves as compact description (dimension reduction) presenting properties, assume only familiarity classical real analysis integration, supplement...
When the first transformer-based language models were published in late 2010s, pretraining with general text and then fine-tuning model on a task-specific dataset often achieved state-of-the-art performance. However, more recent work suggests that for some tasks, directly prompting pretrained matches or surpasses performance few no parameter updates required. The use of prompts natural processing (NLP) tasks is known as prompt learning. We investigated viability learning clinically...
Faecal calprotectin [FCal] levels are used as a surrogate marker for mucosal inflammation, but thresholds defining endoscopic or histological disease activity in ulcerative colitis [UC] remain unclear.Using validated indices, prospective measurements of FCal, symptoms [Simple Colitis Clinical Activity Index, SCCAI], [Ulcerative Endoscopic Index Severity, UCEIS] and [Nancy index] were made over 6 months patients enrolled into the TrueColours UC web-based monitoring programme. Repeated...
Background Utilisation of routinely collected electronic health records from secondary care offers unprecedented possibilities for medical science research but can also present difficulties. One key issue is that information presented as free-form text and, therefore, requires time commitment clinicians to manually extract salient information. Natural language processing (NLP) methods be used automatically clinically relevant Objective Our aim use natural capture real-world data on...
Deep neural network models have recently achieved state-of-the-art performance gains in a variety of natural language processing (NLP) tasks (Young, Hazarika, Poria, & Cambria, 2017). However, these rely on the availability large amounts annotated examples, without which is rarely achievable. This especially inconvenient for many NLP fields where examples are scarce, such as medical text. To improve this situation, we evaluate five improvements named entity recognition (NER) when only...
Abstract Background Bowel urgency is a ‘top three’ symptom of concern to patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), but the mechanisms are unclear [1]. Determining molecular signatures bowel would reveal targetable and generate measurable endpoints for future use. Methods Clinical data from Oxford University Hospitals real world cohort were analysed. patient-reported Simple Colitis Activity Index (SCCAI) scores (including scale 0-3) extracted TrueColours-IBD remote monitoring platform [2], which...
Abstract Background Donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine and memantine are potentially effective interventions for cognitive impairment in dementia, but the use of these drugs has not been personalised to individual patients yet. We examined whether artificial intelligence-based recommendations can identify best treatment using routinely collected patient-level information. Methods Six thousand eight hundred four aged 59–102 years with a diagnosis dementia from two National Health Service...
Oxford Mental Illness and Suicide tool (OxMIS) is a brief, scalable, freely available, structured risk assessment to assess suicide in patients with severe mental illness (schizophrenia-spectrum disorders or bipolar disorder). OxMIS requires further external validation, but lack of large-scale cohorts relevant variables makes this challenging. Electronic health records provide possible data sources for validation prediction tools. However, they contain large amounts information within...
Optimal feature selection leads to enhanced efficiency and accuracy when developing both supervised unsupervised machine-learning models.In this work, a new signature-based regression model is proposed automatically identify patient's risk of sepsis based on physiological data streams make positive or negative prediction for every time interval since admission the intensive care unit.The gradient boosting machine algorithm that uses features at current time-points signature extracted from...
Objectives: Patients in an ICU are particularly vulnerable to sepsis. It is therefore important detect its onset as early possible. This study focuses on the development and validation of a new signature-based regression model, augmented with particular choice handcrafted features, identify patient’s risk sepsis based physiologic data streams. The model makes positive or negative prediction for every time interval since admission ICU. Design: were sourced from PhysioNet/Computing Cardiology...
Mid-life hypertension is an established risk factor for cognitive impairment and dementia related to greater brain atrophy poorer performance. Previous studies often have small sample sizes from older populations that lack utilizing multiple measures define such as blood pressure, self-report information, medication use; furthermore, the impact of duration less extensively studied.To investigate relationship between defined using length with measure cognition.Using participants UK Biobank...
UK Biobank (UKB) is widely employed to investigate mental health disorders and related exposures; however, its applicability relevance in a clinical setting the assumptions required have not been sufficiently systematically investigated. Here, we present first validation study using secondary care data with linkage UKB from Oxford - Clinical Record Interactive Search (CRIS) focusing on comparison of demographic information, diagnostic outcome, medication record cognitive test results,...
Optimal feature selection leads to enhanced efficiency and accuracy when developing both supervised unsupervised machine-learning models. In this work, a new signature-based regression model is proposed automatically identify patient's risk of sepsis based on physiological data streams make positive or negative prediction ofsepsis for every time interval since admission the intensive care unit. The gradient boosting machine algorithm that uses features at current time-points signature...
Background The efficacy of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and memantine in the symptomatic treatment Alzheimer's disease is well-established. Randomised trials have shown them to be associated with a reduction rate cognitive decline. Aims To investigate real-world effectiveness for dementia-causing diseases largest UK observational secondary care service data-set date. Method We extracted mentions relevant medications testing (Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) Montreal Cognitive...
Abstract Background Patient-reported outcome measures [PROMs] are key to documenting outcomes that matter most patients and increasingly important commissioners of health care seeking value. We report the first series ICHOM Standard Set for Inflammatory Bowel Disease [IBD]. Methods Patients treated ulcerative colitis [UC] or Crohn’s disease [CD] in our centre were offered enrolment into web-based TrueColours-IBD programme. Through this programme, e-mail prompts linking validated...
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