Abstract The management of the dysbiosed gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is gaining more attention as a novel target to control this disease. Probiotic treatment with butyrate-producing bacteria has therapeutic potential since these are depleted IBD patients and butyrate beneficial effects on epithelial barrier function overall health. However, studies assessing effect probiotic supplementation microbe-microbe host-microbe interactions rare. In study, (three mono-species...

Metabolic syndrome is a growing public health concern. Efforts at searching for links with the gut microbiome have revealed that propionate major fermentation product in several benefits toward energy homeostasis. For instance, stimulates satiety-inducing hormones, leading to lower intake and reducing weight gain associated risk factors. In (disease) scenarios where microbial dysbiosis apparent, production of may be decreased. Here, we investigated effect propionogenic bacterial consortium...

Breast milk is a complex biofluid that provides nutrients and bioactive agents, including bacteria, for the development of infant gut microbiota. However, impact maternal diet other factors, such as mode delivery antibiotic exposure, on breast microbiota has yet to be understood. This study aimed examine association between ascertain potential role exposure. In cross-sectional MAMI cohort, profiling was assessed in 120 samples from healthy mothers by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Maternal...

Early microbial colonization triggers processes that result in intestinal maturation and immune priming. Perinatal factors, especially those associated with birth, including both mode place of delivery are critical to shaping the infant gut microbiota potential health consequences.Gut profile 180 healthy infants (n = 23 born at home n 157 hospital, 41.7% via cesarean section [CS]) was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing 7 days, 1 month life. Breastfeeding habits clinical data, length,...

Background: The infant gut microbiota establishes during a critical window of opportunity when metabolic and immune functions are highly susceptible to environmental changes, such as diet. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) for instance suggested be beneficial health microbiota. Infant formulas supplemented with the HMOs 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL) lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT) reduce morbidity medication use promote bacteria in ecosystem. To further improve formula achieve closer proximity human...

Inorganic arsenic (iAs) [As(III)+As(V)] is a drinking water contaminant, and human exposure to these species has been linked with wide range of health effects. The main path the oral route, intestinal epithelium first physiological barrier that iAs must cross in order be absorbed. However, there lack information about absorption. aim this study was evaluate participation certain transporters [glucose (GLUT SGLT), organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs), aquaporins (AQPs), phosphate...

Walnuts are rich in polyphenols ellagitannins, modulate gut microbiota (GM), and exert health benefits after long-term consumption. The metabolism of ellagitannins to urolithins via GM depends on urolithin metabotypes (UM-A, -B, or -0), which have been reported predict host responsiveness a polyphenol-rich intervention. This study aims assess whether UMs were associated with differential modulation short-term walnut In this study, 27 healthy individuals consumed 33 g peeled raw walnuts over...

The release of a toxicant from food matrix during the gastrointestinal digestion is crucial determinant toxicant's oral bioavailability. We present modified setup human simulator gut microbial ecosystem (SHIME), with four sequential reactors (oral, stomach, small intestine, and colon), including salivary colonic microbiomes. Naturally arsenic-containing rice, mussels, nori seaweed were digested in presence microorganisms vitro bioaccessibility, bioavailability, metabolism arsenic species...

Human gut microbiota has a fundamental role in human health, and diet is one of the most relevant factors modulating microbial ecosystem. Fiber, fat, proteins, micronutrients can shape activity structure. Much information available on defined prebiotic fibers microbiota, but less known are effects intact dietary fiber sources healthy ecosystems. This research investigated vitro short-term effect 22 commercially food [pH, gas, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), branched (BCFA), lactate] specific...

Human gut microbiota (HGM) play a significant role in health and disease. Dietary components, including fiber, fat, proteins micronutrients, can modulate HGM. Much research has been performed on conventional prebiotics such as fructooligosaccharides (FOS) galactooligosaccharides (GOS), however, novel or micronutrients still require further validation. We assessed the effect of FOS, xylooligosaccharides (XOS) mixture an antioxidant vitamin blend (AOB) composition activity, intestinal barrier...

Many toxicological studies have been conducted with arsenic species in target organ cell lines. However, although epithelial gastrointestinal cells constitute the first barrier to absorption of contaminants, using intestinal are scarce. The present study examines through epithelium pentavalent most commonly found foods [arsenate, As(V); monomethylarsonic acid, MMA(V); and dimethylarsinic DMA(V)], Caco-2 line as a model. Different concentrations (1.3-667.6 microM) culture conditions (media,...

This study characterizes intestinal absorption of arsenic species using in vitro system Caco-2/HT29-MTX cocultures various proportions (100/0 to 30/70). The assayed were As(V), As(III), monomethylarsonic acid [MMA(V)], monomethylarsonous [MMA(III)], dimethylarsinic [DMA(V)], and dimethylarsinous [DMA(III)]. results show that the apparent permeability (P(app)) values pentavalent increase significantly comparison with Caco-2 monoculture, probably because enhancement paracellular transport. For...

Gut-liver cross talk is an important determinant of human health with profound effects on energy homeostasis. While gut microbes produce a huge range metabolites, specific compounds such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) can enter the portal circulation and reach liver (Brandl K, Schnabl B. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 33: 128–133, 2017), central organ involved in glucose homeostasis diabetes control. Propionate major SCFA activation intestinal gluconeogenesis (IGN), thereby regulating food...

Fermentation is an ancient food preservation process, and fermented products have been traditionally consumed in different cultures worldwide over the years. The interplay between human gut microbiota, diet host health widely recognized. Diet one of main factors modulating microbiota potentially with beneficial effects on health. Fermented dairy received much attention, but other sources probiotic delivery through far less attention. In this research, a combination vitro tools mimicking...

Host-microbe interactions in the intestine play a significant role health and disease. Novel scaffolds for host cells, capable of potentially supporting these intricate interactions, are necessary to improve our current systems mimicking host-microbiota interplay vitro/ex vivo. In this research paper, we study application gelatin methacrylamide (GelMA) as scaffold material intestinal epithelial cells terms permeability, mechanical strength, biocompatibility. We investigated whether degree...