A5059224440- HIV Research and Treatment
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Virus-based gene therapy research
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- T-cell and Retrovirus Studies
- Xenotransplantation and immune response
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Vector-Borne Animal Diseases
- Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- Polyomavirus and related diseases
- Parvovirus B19 Infection Studies
- Plant Virus Research Studies
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Syphilis Diagnosis and Treatment
- Animal Genetics and Reproduction
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- HIV/AIDS oral health manifestations
- Reproductive tract infections research
- Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
- Primate Behavior and Ecology
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2005-2022
Center for Global Health
2012-2022
National Center for HIV/AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD and TB Prevention
2005-2010
National Center for Infectious Diseases
2000-2007
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research
2005
Johns Hopkins University
2005
Henry M. Jackson Foundation
2005
American Red Cross
2002
University of California, Davis
2001
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
1993
The human T-lymphotropic viruses (HTLVs) types 1 and 2 originated independently are related to distinct lineages of simian (STLV-1 STLV-2, respectively). These facts, along with the finding that HTLV-1 diversity appears have resulted from multiple cross-species transmissions STLV-1, suggest contact between humans infected nonhuman primates (NHPs) may result in HTLV emergence. We investigated among central Africans reporting NHP blood body fluids through hunting, butchering, keeping primate...
The recognition that AIDS originated as a zoonosis heightens public health concerns associated with human infection by simian retroviruses endemic in nonhuman primates (NHPs). These include immunodeficiency virus (SIV), T-cell lymphotropic (STLV), type D retrovirus (SRV), and foamy (SFV). Although occasional SIV, SRV, or SFV persons occupationally exposed to NHPs has been reported, the characteristics significance of these zoonotic infections are not fully defined. Surveillance for at three...
The human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) is responsible for 4.5% of AIDS cases in Portugal. Six HIV-2 subtypes have been described so far, subtype A being proposed as more pathogenic than the rest. relationship between clinical status and levels both cellular plasma viraemia not well known, nor their modifications under antiretroviral therapy. Thirty-two consecutive infected persons (17 men, 15 women) attending two different hospitals Lisbon 1997 were enrolled prospectively study. All...
HIV cross-sectional surveys require multi-layered testing with several tests to estimate prevalence and HIV-1 incidence. We evaluated the performance accuracy of newly developed Triplex assay diagnose HIV-2 detect recent infections using plasma samples from 2018 Nigeria AIDS Indicator Impact Survey (NAIIS). Plasma consenting HIV-positive (n=2,773) a subset HIV-negative (n=7,196), as determined by national rapid algorithm, followed Bio-Rad Geenius HIV-1/2 Supplemental Assay Western Blot, aged...
Persons occupationally exposed to nonhuman primates (NHPs) can be persistently infected with simian foamy virus (SFV). The clinical significance and person-to-person transmissibility of zoonotic SFV infection is unclear. Seven SFV-infected men responded annual structured interviews provided whole blood, oral, urogenital specimens for study. Wives were tested infection. Proviral DNA was consistently detected by PCR in PBMCs inconsistently oral or samples. infrequently cultured from their...
ABSTRACT As antiretroviral therapy (ART) is scaled up in resource-limited countries, surveillance for HIV drug resistance (DR) vital to ensure sustained effectiveness of first-line ART. We have developed and applied a broadly sensitive dried-blood-spot (DBS)-based genotyping assay HIV-1 DR international settings. In 2005 2006, 171 DBS samples were collected under field conditions from newly diagnosed HIV-1-infected individuals Malawi ( n = 58), Tanzania 60), China =53). addition, 30 40...
We previously described development of a rapid test for recent infection (RTRI) that can diagnose HIV and detect HIV-1 infections in single device. This technology was transferred to commercial partner as Asante Rapid Recency Assay (ARRA). evaluated performance the ARRA kits laboratory using well-characterized panel specimens. The plasma specimen (N = 1500) included 570), HIV-2 10), HIV-negatives 920) representing multiple subtypes geographic locations. Reference diagnostic data were...
Simian type D retrovirus (SRV) is enzootic in many populations of Asian monkeys the genus Macaca and associated with immunodeficiency diseases. However, zoonotic potential this agent has not been well defined. Screening for antibodies to SRV was performed as part an ongoing study looking evidence infection simian retroviruses among persons occupationally exposed nonhuman primates (NHPs). Of 231 tested, 2 (0.9%) were found be strongly seropositive, showing reactivity against multiple antigens...
Background. Pigs offer an unlimited source of xenografts for humans. However, recipients pig are inevitably exposed to the porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV), which is carried in germline. The ability PERV infect human cells vitro has heightened safety concerns regarding transmission xenograft recipients. Methods. In response need establish laboratory tests surveillance infection, we have developed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays detect pol and gag sequences by using conserved...
Conducting HIV surveys in resource-limited settings is challenging because of logistics, limited availability trained personnel, and complexity testing. We described the procedures systems deemed critical to ensure high-quality laboratory data population-based impact assessments large-scale household surveys.
ABSTRACT Reverse transcriptase (RT) activity has been detected recently in all chicken cell-derived measles and mumps vaccines. A study of a vaccine manufactured Europe indicated that the RT is associated with particles containing endogenous avian retrovirus (EAV-0) RNA originates from embryonic fibroblasts (CEF) used as substrate for propagation vaccine. We investigated origin vaccines U.S. manufacturer confirm presence EAV RNA. Additionally, we provide new evidence leukosis virus (ALV)...
The identification of endogenous avian leukosis virus (ALV) and retrovirus (EAV) in chick cell-derived measles mumps vaccines current use has raised concern about transmission these retroviruses to vaccine recipients. We used serologic molecular methods analyze specimens from 206 recipients measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) for evidence infection with ALV EAV. A Western blot assay detecting antibodies was developed validated. All serum samples were negative by analysis. Peripheral blood...
This report describes a pilot study, conducted in Nigeria, of the World Health Organization protocol for monitoring human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drug resistance (HIVDR) and associated program factors among patients receiving first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART). In 2008, 283 HIV-infected starting ART were consecutively enrolled at 2 clinics Abuja. Twelve months after initiation, 62% alive on ART, 3% had died, 1% transferred out program, 34% lost to follow-up. Among 12 months, 90%...
Objective: To evaluate the impact of antiretroviral and antiherpesvirus therapies on incidence KS assess trends in Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) a large multicenter HIV/AIDS surveillance system between 1990 1998. Methods: Incidence was calculated per 100 person-years (py); effects risk for were by using multivariate Poisson regression controlling gender, race/ethnicity, age, HIV exposure mode, CD4+ cell count, calendar year. Antiretroviral therapy defined as monotherapy, dual therapy, or triple (95%...
Infections with simian foamy virus (SFV) are widely prevalent in nonhuman primates. SFV infection was confirmed a worker, occupationally exposed to primates, who donated blood after the retrospectively documented date of infection. Human-to-human transmission through transfusion and its pathogenicity have not been studied.Recipients from this donor were identified samples such recipients tested for by Western blot PCR assay.One recipient RBCs another FFP had died; retroviral infections...
Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVcpz) from the chimpanzee subspecies Pan troglodytes has been linked phylogenetically to origin of HIV-1. Related but distinct SIVcpz strains have also found in P. t. schweinfurthii , suggesting that may coevolved among four subspecies. However, verus and vellerosus not yet identified. To better understand epidemiology natural history chimpanzees, we tested serum samples 1415 chimpanzees housed at eight U.S. research centers six zoos. Records indicated 264...
Since 1984, unheated porcine clotting factor VIII (Hyate:C) has been used to treat severe bleeding episodes in persons with hemophilia who have antibodies human factor. We document the presence of endogenous retrovirus (PERV) plasma samples pigs and clinical lots Hyate:C. Both gag pol PERV RNA sequences were detected by reverse-transcriptase (RT) polymerase chain reaction 13 Hyate:C tested. Among 10 these lots, RT activity also was detected, which confirms retroviral particles. To assess...
Antibodies to simian T-cell lymphotropic virus (STLV) were found in serum or plasma from 12 of 23 (52.2 %) gelada baboons (Theropithecus gelada) captive US zoos. A variety Western blot (WB) profiles was seen the seroreactive samples, including human (HTLV)-1-like (n=5, 41.7 %), HTLV-2-like (n=1, 8.3 HTLV-untypable (n=4, 33.3 and indeterminate (n=2, 16.6 profiles. Phylogenetic analysis tax env sequences that had been PCR amplified peripheral blood lymphocyte DNA available nine seropositive...
ABSTRACT HIV-1 viral load (VL) levels are used for monitoring disease progression and antiretroviral therapy outcomes in HIV-infected patients. To assess the performance of laboratories conducting VL testing resource-limited settings, U.S. Centers Disease Control Prevention implemented a voluntary, free-of-charge, external quality assurance program using dried tube specimens (DTSs). Between 2010 2012, DTS proficiency (PT) panels consisting 5 were distributed at ambient temperature to...
Dendritic cells (DC) are members of a distinct family bone marrow-derived leukocytes. DC potent accessory for number T cell-mediated immune responses, including autologous and allogeneic mixed leukocyte reactions, mitogen- antigen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation. In the present study, purified from human peripheral blood were inoculated with various strains (IIIB, SF2, WMJ1, SF162, 89∙6 clone HXB2) immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) displaying different patterns cellular tropism....