A5102108786- HIV Research and Treatment
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Hepatitis C virus research
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- HIV/AIDS oral health manifestations
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Blood groups and transfusion
- T-cell and Retrovirus Studies
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
- Reproductive tract infections research
- Syphilis Diagnosis and Treatment
- Research, Science, and Academia
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2024
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1999-2022
Center for Global Health
2012-2022
National Center for Infectious Diseases
1995-2000
Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires
2000
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
1995-1999
Instituto de Salud Carlos III
1998
Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde
1998
American University of Beirut
1998
Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria
1998
We examined the efficacy of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in blocking simian human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) infection Chinese rhesus macaques. Once weekly for 14 weeks or until a macaque became infected, 12 male macaques were inoculated intrarectally with amounts SHIVSF162P3 (10 median tissue culture infective doses; 3.8×105 particles) that ∼5-fold higher than type 1 RNA levels noted semen during an acute infection. Of macaques, 4 received oral TDF daily, once weekly, and (control...
ABSTRACT In this study, we describe two cases of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) intersubtype superinfection with CRF01_AE and subtype B strains, which occurred in injection drug users participating a prospective cohort study Bangkok, Thailand. both cases, the superinfecting strain was detected by molecular serologic analyses several weeks after complete seroconversion to primary infection belonging different subtype. Superinfection despite specific T-cell humoral antibody...
ABSTRACT A standardized protocol was used to compare cellular toxicities and anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) activities of candidate microbicides formulated for human use. The evaluated were cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP), Carraguard, K-Y plus nonoxynol-9 (KY-N9), PRO 2000 (0.5 4%), SPL7013 (5%), UC781 (0.1 1%), Vena Gel, along with their accompanying placebos. Products toxicity on cervical colorectal epithelial cell lines, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs),...
Worldwide, in 2008, an estimated 430 000 [240 000–610 000] new infections due to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) occurred children, of which 90% were acquired through motherto-child transmission (MTCT) HIV. Of infections, between 280 and 360 during labour pre-partum period. remaining majority breastfeeding. In infantsi who acquire HIV around time delivery, disease progression occurs very rapidly first few months life, often leading death. To enable antiretroviral (ARV) prophylaxis be...
Abstract We systematically evaluated multiple and recombinant infections in an HIV-infected population selected for vaccine trials. Seventy-nine HIV-1 infected persons a clinical cohort study Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were 1 year. A combination of molecular screening assays DNA sequencing showed 3 dual (3.8%), 6 (7.6%), 70 (88.6%) involving single viral subtypes. In the three infections, we identified subtypes F B, D, B D; contrast, involved only F. The recombinants had five distinct B/F...
We obtained specimens from 128 HIV-1 seroconverters identified 1995 through 1998 in a prospective cohort study of 1209 HIV-negative injecting drug users (IDUs) Bangkok, Thailand. Epidemiologic data indicated that parenteral transmission accounted for nearly all infections. DNA the C2–V4 env region was sequenced, and phylogenetic analyses determined 102 (79.7%) were subtype E 26 (20.3%) B strains. All strains clustered with often referred to previous studies as Thai or B. The interstrain...
We analyzed the genetic variability and phylogenetic relationships among 28 HIV-2 strains collected from patients enrolled in an HIV epidemiologic study Abidjan, Ivory Coast, during 1995-1996. Although both subtype A (n = 8; 29%) B 20; 71%) were present this sampling, majority of infections caused by viruses. These findings contrasted with reported predominance other African countries. The broad diversity identified protease gene sequences for (6%; range 3-15%) (7%; range, 2-12%), their...
This article describes a case of horizontal (heterosexual) and subsequent vertical (mother to infant) transmission 2 human immunodeficiency viruses type 1 (HIV-1) subtypes. Dual infection in husband, his wife, their child was initially detected by use restriction fragment length polymorphism assay the proviral protease peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The simultaneous presence highly similar sets HIV-1 subtypes B C infecting 3 family members confirmed DNA sequence analysis pol, gag, env...
Real-world data on HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) after transitioning to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/lamivudine/dolutegravir (TLD) are limited. We assessed HIVDR rates and patterns in clients with virological failure (VF) switching from an NNRTI-based regimen TLD. A cross-sectional study was conducted Gaza, Mozambique (August 2021–February 2022), including adults first-line ART for ≥12 months who transitioned TLD had unsuppressed viral load (VL) ≥ 1000 copies/mL six post-transition. After...
To better understand the molecular epidemiology of HIV genetic diversity in Abidjan, Ivory Coast, we performed a analysis 170 HIV-1-seropositive specimens representing newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients (n = 143) and women monitored mother-to-child transmission cohort study 27). Preliminary screening with RFLP presumptively classified 162 (95.3%) these as subtype A. The envelope region 108 was subtyped by sequence analysis: 102 (94.4%) were A, 2 (1.9%) D, 4 (3.7%) G. Subtyping gag env...
In the United States, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1, group M, subtype B is predominant subtype. A cross-sectional study of HIV-infected patients at Bronx-Lebanon Hospital Center, Bronx, NY, between September 1997 and February 1998 identified 3 (1.2%) 252 persons infected with non-B subtypes: subtypes F, 1 each, potential recombinant B(env)/F(prt). All were born in States tested positive for HIV antibodies 1988 while living Bronx. None reported travel to other countries, receipt...
In 2014-2015, 242 individuals aged 2-89 years were newly diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in Roka, a rural commune Cambodia. A case-control study attributed the outbreak to unsafe injections. We aimed reconstruct likely transmission history of outbreak.We assessed 209 (86.4%) HIV-infected cases presence hepatitis C (HCV) and B (HBV). identified recent infections using antibody (Ab) avidity testing for HIV HCV. performed amplification, sequencing, evolutionary...
Abstract Backgroud In our previous work, oral chemoprophylaxis with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) provided partial protection in rhesus macaques against repeated low‐dose (RL) intrarectal SHIV162p3 exposure. Methods Here, we make a direct comparison of these findings data generated using single high (SH)‐dose challenge strategy. Results All 5 (100%) control were infected after SH and only three five (60%) TDF‐treated became infected. The remaining two remained virus‐negative...
ABSTRACT HIV-1 viral load (VL) levels are used for monitoring disease progression and antiretroviral therapy outcomes in HIV-infected patients. To assess the performance of laboratories conducting VL testing resource-limited settings, U.S. Centers Disease Control Prevention implemented a voluntary, free-of-charge, external quality assurance program using dried tube specimens (DTSs). Between 2010 2012, DTS proficiency (PT) panels consisting 5 were distributed at ambient temperature to...
Abstract Background The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that HIV treatment scale-up is accompanied by a robust assessment of drug resistance emergence and transmission. WHO Drug Resistance (HIVDR) monitoring surveillance strategy includes HIVDR testing in adults both initiating receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). Due to limited information about Mozambique, we conducted two nationally representative surveys first-line ART regimes better inform the program. Methods We carried...
We analyzed HIV-1 genetic variability, phylogenetic relationships, and association with transmission modes among 58 HIV-1-infected patients from Buenos Aires City, Argentina. The strains were classified as env(gp41) group M subtype B (n = 34) subgroup F1 of F 24). Potential recombinants combining parts viral regions different subtypes, B(prot)/F(env) F(prot)/B(env), found in two patients, a dual infection prot subtypes was identified one individual. Epidemiologic analysis behavioral risks...
The goals of this study were to identify and characterize recombinant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) genomes among incident infections in a prospective cohort injecting drug users (IDUs) Bangkok, Thailand. Through cross-sectional, comparative phylogenetic analysis the protease env (C2-V4) gene regions, subtype discordance was observed HIV-1 sequences from 4 111 IDUs (3.5%). Near-full-length genome four strains revealed that all four, gp120 clustered with CRF01_AE prototype,...
Clinical and histopathologic features of R
We performed a comparative analysis between Roche Amplicor HIV-1 DNA test and CAPTAQ assay for the detection of HIV in 830 dried blood spot (DBS) pediatric samples collected Mozambique. Our results demonstrated no statistical difference these assays. The approached nearly 100% repeatability/accuracy. increased throughput testing with minimal operator interference performing clearly that this method is an improvement over test, version 1.5.
Children living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) experience higher rates of virologic failure than adults. Human drug resistance (HIVDR) plays a major role pediatric HIV treatment because nonsuppressive maternal antiretroviral therapy (ART) during pregnancy breastfeeding as well infant prophylaxis lead to high pretreatment regimens most commonly used children HIV. Lack availability durable, potent drugs child-friendly formulations LMICs...
Children living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (CLHIV) receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in resource-limited settings are susceptible to high rates of acquired HIV drug resistance (HIVDR), but few studies include children initiating age-appropriate World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended first-line regimens. We report data from a cohort ART-naive South African who initiated ART.ART-eligible CLHIV aged 0-12 years were enrolled 2012 2014 at 5 public facilities and followed...