A5026275796- Radioactive contamination and transfer
- Nuclear and radioactivity studies
- Graphite, nuclear technology, radiation studies
- Radiation Dose and Imaging
- Radioactivity and Radon Measurements
- Nuclear reactor physics and engineering
- Effects of Radiation Exposure
- Nuclear Materials and Properties
- Radiation Therapy and Dosimetry
- Risk Perception and Management
- Risk and Safety Analysis
- Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment
- Wind and Air Flow Studies
- Radioactive element chemistry and processing
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Radiation Detection and Scintillator Technologies
- Occupational and environmental lung diseases
- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Chemical Safety and Risk Management
- Data Quality and Management
- Health, Environment, Cognitive Aging
- Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
- Radiation Effects and Dosimetry
- Nuclear Issues and Defense
- Coal and Its By-products
Radiance Technologies (United States)
2019-2023
Cascade (United States)
2019-2023
Impact Assessment
1999-2019
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
2019
Fred Hutch Cancer Center
2019
University of New Mexico
2019
New York University
2019
University of Manchester
2019
Research Triangle Park Foundation
2019
Environmental Protection Agency
2019
The recently published NCRP Commentary No. 27 evaluated the new information from epidemiologic studies as to their degree of support for applying linear nonthreshold (LNT) model carcinogenic effects radiation protection purposes (NCRP 2018 Implications Recent Epidemiologic Studies Linear Nonthreshold Model and Radiation Protection, (Bethesda, MD: National Council on Protection Measurements)). aim was determine whether recent low-LET radiation, particularly those at low doses and/or dose...
The primary aim of the epidemiologic study one million U.S. radiation workers and veterans [the Million Worker Study (MWS)] is to provide scientifically valid information on level risk when exposures are received gradually over time not within seconds, as was case for Japanese atomic bomb survivors. outcome cancer mortality, but other causes death such cardiovascular disease cerebrovascular will be evaluated. success tied validity dose reconstruction approaches realistic estimates...
National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements Commentary 27 examines recent epidemiologic data primarily from low-dose or low dose-rate studies of linear-energy-transfer radiation cancer to assess whether they support the linear no-threshold model as used in protection. The commentary provides a critical review studies, most published within last 10 y, that are applicable current occupational, environmental, medical exposures. strengths weaknesses methods, dosimetry assessments,...
Approximately 235,000 military personnel participated at one of 230 U.S. atmospheric nuclear weapons tests from 1945 through 1962. At the Nevada Test Site (NTS), atomic veterans in maneuvers, observed tests, or provided technical support. Pacific Proving Ground (PPG), they served aboard ships were stationed on islands during after tests.Participants seven test series, previously studied with high-quality dosimetry and records, first TRINITY formed cohort 114,270 male participants traced for...
Epidemiologic studies of radiation-exposed populations form the basis for human safety standards. They also help shape public health policy and evidence-based practices by identifying quantifying risks exposure in defined populations. For more than a century, epidemiologists have studied consequences radiation exposures, yet effects low levels delivered at low-dose rate remain equivocal.
Radiation dose reconstruction systems for large-scale epidemiological studies are sophisticated both in providing estimates of and representing dosimetry uncertainty. For example, a computer program was used by the Hanford Thyroid Disease Study to provide 100 realizations possible study participants. The variation reflected range each cohort member consistent with data on determinates cohort. Another example is Mayak Worker Dosimetry System 2013 which external internal exposures provides...
Health effects following low doses of ionizing radiation are uncertain. Military veterans at the Nevada test site (NTS) during SMOKY atmospheric nuclear weapons in 1957 were reported to be increased risk for leukemia 1979, but this increase was not evaluated with respect dose. The one 30 tests within PLUMBBOB series. These early studies led public laws where atomic could qualify compensation presumptive radiogenic diseases. A retrospective cohort study conducted 12219 series, including 3020...
Methods were developed to calculate individual estimates of exposure and dose with associated uncertainties for a sub-cohort (1,857) 115,329 military veterans who participated in at least one seven series atmospheric nuclear weapons tests or the TRINITY shot carried out by United States. The conducted Pacific Proving Grounds Nevada Test Site. Dose specific organs will be used an epidemiological study investigate leukemia male breast cancer. Previous doses had been estimated purpose...
Both red bone marrow and male breast doses with associated uncertainty have been reconstructed for a 1,982-person subset of cohort 114, 270 military personnel (referred to as "atomic veterans") who participated in U.S. atmospheric nuclear weapons testing from 1945 1962. The methods used calculate these corresponding reported detail by Till et al. an earlier publication. In this current article we report the final results those calculations. These are being case-cohort design epidemiological...
Above ground testing of nuclear weapons at the Nevada Test Site (NTS) during 1950s created radioactive fallout that was dispersed into atmosphere and deposited over a large geographical area U.S. One believed to have received considerable amount exposure radioiodines (13 '1 1331) in southwest Utah southeast Nevada. This paper describes estimates doses thyroid for cohort 3,545 subjects who were children atmospheric period. group examined disease 1965–1970 again 1985–1986. The made up lived...
This paper discusses the dosimetry methodology used to estimate bone marrow dose and results of calculations for 6,507 subjects in an epidemiologic casecontrol study leukemia among Utah residents. The estimated doses were determine if a higher incidence residents could have been attributed exposure radioactive fallout from above-ground nuclear weapons tests conducted at Nevada Test Site. objective was absorbed active specific each case control subject. Data on residence subject available...
Carbon tetrachloride is a degreasing agent that was used at the Rocky Flats Plant (RFP) in Colorado to clean product components and equipment. The chemical considered volatile organic compound probable human carcinogen. During time plant operated (1953 – 1989), most of carbon released atmosphere through building exhaust ducts. A smaller amount air via evaporation from open‐air burn pits ground‐surface discharge points. Airborne releases were conservatively estimated be equivalent consumed...
A cohort of 4831 persons aged 11–18 y in 1965 was identified among students the schools Washington County, UT; Lincoln NV; and Graham AZ. These children who had potentially been exposed to radioiodine from atomic weapons test fallout Nevada Test Site during 1951-1962 were selected for participation a study thyroid disease. The entire first examined 1965-1968 abnormalities. total 3,085 these people again reexamined 1985-1986 determine any subsequent occurrence In order relationship radiation...
A methodology for determining acceptable levels decontamination of soil containing radionuclides at waste sites is described. This calculates the annual radiation dose that an individual receives while living on property has been decommissioned and decontaminated. Pathways exposure include direct from ground surfaces, ingestion contaminated food, inhalation resuspended drinking water. Results calculated using this were compared with U.S. Department Energy (DOE) guidelines a southeastern...
The United States (U.S.) conducted 230 above-ground atmospheric nuclear weapons tests between 1945 and 1962 involving over 250,000 military personnel. This is the first quantitative assessment of asbestos-related mesothelioma, including cancers pleura peritoneum, among personnel who participated in testing.Approximately 114,000 atomic veterans were selected for an epidemiological study because they one eight series that associated with somewhat higher exposures than other have been...
Members of the public are becoming increasingly interested in understanding risks associated with their exposure to radionuclides and chemicals environment. They also want be more involved decision making about future exposures risks. This paper reviews one community's involvement decisions technical methods calculate soil cleanup criteria for Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site near Denver, Colorado. The anticipated that much site would available use following cleanup. Final regarding...
External gamma-ray exposures from fallout originating at the Nevada Test Site (NTS) have been assigned to 6,507 individual subjects (1,177 leukemia cases and 5,330 control subjects) who died as Utah residents between 1952 1981. Leukemia were identified, confirmed, classified by cell type Cancer Registry, State vital records, medical records. Residential histories obtained Deceased Membership File (DMF) of Church Jesus Christ Latter-day Saints (LDS), supplemented information LDS Census...
The suitability of a new facility in terms potential impacts from routine and accidental releases is typically evaluated using conservative models assumptions to assure dose standards are not exceeded. However, overly estimates that exceed target doses can result unnecessary costly design changes. This paper examines one such case involving the U.S. Department Energy’s pretreatment Waste Treatment Immobilization Plant (WTP). MELCOR Accident Consequence Code System Version 2 (MACCS2) was run...