G. A. Kyrala
A5050720601- Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics
- Laser-induced spectroscopy and plasma
- High-pressure geophysics and materials
- Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications
- Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Nuclear Physics and Applications
- Laser Design and Applications
- Combustion and Detonation Processes
- Energetic Materials and Combustion
- Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques
- Ion-surface interactions and analysis
- High-Velocity Impact and Material Behavior
- Cold Fusion and Nuclear Reactions
- X-ray Spectroscopy and Fluorescence Analysis
- Fusion materials and technologies
- Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies
- Nuclear Materials and Properties
- Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging
- Crystallography and Radiation Phenomena
- Magnetic confinement fusion research
- Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research
- Plasma Diagnostics and Applications
- Engineering and Material Science Research
- Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research
- Solid State Laser Technologies
Los Alamos National Laboratory
2013-2023
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
2009-2020
General Atomics (United States)
2010-2020
University of Rochester
2012-2020
Energetics (United States)
2012-2020
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
2012-2017
Fusion Academy
2012-2017
Fusion (United States)
2012-2017
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
2017
University of Nevada, Reno
2017
Point design targets have been specified for the initial ignition campaign on National Ignition Facility [G. H. Miller, E. I. Moses, and C. R. Wuest, Opt. Eng. 443, 2841 (2004)]. The contain D-T fusion fuel in an ablator of either CH with Ge doping, or Be Cu. These shells are imploded a U Au hohlraum peak radiation temperature set between 270 300 eV. Considerations determining point include laser-plasma interactions, hydrodynamic instabilities, laser operations, target fabrication....
Indirect-drive hohlraum experiments at the National Ignition Facility have demonstrated symmetric capsule implosions unprecedented laser drive energies of 0.7 megajoule. One hundred and ninety-two simultaneously fired beams heat ignition-emulate hohlraums to radiation temperatures 3.3 million kelvin, compressing 1.8-millimeter-diameter capsules by soft x-rays produced hohlraum. Self-generated plasma optics gratings on either end tune power distribution in hohlraum, which produces a x-ray as...
The National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory includes a precision laser system now capable of delivering 1.8 MJ 500 TW 0.35-μm light to target. NIF has been operational since March 2009. A variety experiments have completed in support NIF's mission areas: national security, fundamental science, and inertial fusion energy. capabilities infrastructure are place its missions with nearly 60 X-ray, optical, nuclear diagnostic systems. primary goal the Campaign (NIC) on...
A series of cryogenic, layered deuterium-tritium (DT) implosions have produced, for the first time, fusion energy output twice peak kinetic imploding shell. These experiments at National Ignition Facility utilized high density carbon ablators with a three-shock laser pulse (1.5 MJ in 7.5 ns) to irradiate low gas-filled ($0.3\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{mg}/\mathrm{cc}$ helium) bare depleted uranium hohlraums, resulting hohlraum radiative temperature $\ensuremath{\sim}290\text{ }\mathrm{eV}$. The...
Deuterium-tritium inertial confinement fusion implosion experiments on the National Ignition Facility have demonstrated yields ranging from 0.8 to 7×10(14), and record fuel areal densities of 0.7 1.3 g/cm2. These implosions use hohlraums irradiated with shaped laser pulses 1.5-1.9 MJ energy. The peak power duration at were varied, as capsule ablator dopant concentrations shell thicknesses. We quantify level hydrodynamic instability mix into hot spot measured elevated absolute x-ray emission...
The Hohlraum energetics experimental campaign started in the summer of 2009 on National Ignition Facility (NIF) [E. I. Moses et al., Phys. Plasmas 16, 041006 (2009)]. These experiments showed good coupling laser energy into targets [N. Meezan 17, 056304 (2010)]. They have also demonstrated controlled crossed-beam transfer between beams as an efficient and robust tool to tune implosion symmetry ignition capsules, predicted by earlier calculations [P. Michel Rev. Lett. 102, 025004 A new linear...
Ignition requires precisely controlled, high convergence implosions to assemble a dense shell of deuterium-tritium (DT) fuel with ρR>∼1 g/cm2 surrounding 10 keV hot spot ρR ∼ 0.3 g/cm2. A working definition ignition has been yield ∼1 MJ. At this the α-particle energy deposited in would have ∼200 kJ, which is already ∼10 × more than kinetic typical implosion. The National Campaign includes low dudded layers study and optimize hydrodynamic assembly diagnostics rich environment. mixture...
The “High-Foot” platform manipulates the laser pulse-shape coming from National Ignition Facility to create an indirect drive 3-shock implosion that is significantly more robust against instability growth involving ablator and also modestly reduces convergence ratio. This strategy gives up on theoretical high-gain in inertial confinement fusion order obtain better control of bring experimental performance in-line with calculated performance, yet keeps absolute capsule relatively high. In...
Capsule performance optimization campaigns will be conducted at the National Ignition Facility [G. H. Miller, E. I. Moses, and C. R. Wuest, Nucl. Fusion 44, 228 (2004)] to substantially increase probability of ignition. The experimentally correct for residual uncertainties in implosion hohlraum physics used our radiation-hydrodynamic computational models using a variety ignition capsule surrogates before proceeding cryogenic-layered implosions experiments. quantitative goals technique...
High Density Carbon (HDC) is a leading candidate as an ablator material for Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) capsules in x-ray (indirect) drive implosions. HDC has higher density (3.5 g/cc) than plastic (CH, 1 g/cc), which results thinner with larger inner radius given capsule scale. This leads to absorption and shorter laser pulses compared equivalent CH designs. paper will describe series of experiments carried out examine the feasibility using both gas filled hohlraums lower density,...
DT neutron yield (Y(n)), ion temperature (T(i)), and down-scatter ratio (dsr) determined from measured spectra are essential metrics for diagnosing the performance of inertial confinement fusion (ICF) implosions at National Ignition Facility (NIF). A suite neutron-time-of-flight (nTOF) spectrometers a magnetic recoil spectrometer (MRS) have been implemented in different locations around NIF target chamber, providing good implosion coverage complementarity required reliable measurements Y(n),...
Measurements have been made of the in-flight dynamics imploding capsules indirectly driven by laser energies 1–1.7 MJ at National Ignition Facility [Miller et al., Nucl. Fusion 44, 228 (2004)]. These experiments were part Campaign [Landen Phys. Plasmas 18, 051002 (2011)] to iteratively optimize inputs required achieve thermonuclear ignition in laboratory. Using gated or streaked hard x-ray radiography, a suite ablator performance parameters, including time-resolved radius, velocity, mass,...
The first series of experiments the National Ignition Facility (NIF) [E. I. Moses et al., Phys. Plasmas 16, 041006 (2009)] tested ignition Hohlraum “energetics,” a term described by four broad goals: (1) measurement laser absorption Hohlraum; (2) x-ray radiation flux (TRAD4) on surrogate capsule; (3) quantitative understanding and resultant flux; (4) determining whether initial performance is consistent with requirements for ignition. This paper summarizes status NIF energetics experiments....
Recent experiments on the National Ignition Facility [M. J. Edwards et al., Phys. Plasmas 20, 070501 (2013)] demonstrate that utilizing a near-vacuum hohlraum (low pressure gas-filled) is viable option for high convergence cryogenic deuterium-tritium (DT) layered capsule implosions. This made possible by using dense ablator (high-density carbon), which shortens drive duration needed to achieve convergence: measured 40% higher efficiency than typical gas-filled hohlraums, requires less laser...
Ignition of an inertial confinement fusion (ICF) target depends on the formation a central hot spot with sufficient temperature and areal density. Radiative conductive losses from can be enhanced by hydrodynamic instabilities. The concentric spherical layers current National Facility (NIF) ignition targets consist plastic ablator surrounding thin shell cryogenic thermonuclear fuel (i.e., hydrogen isotopes), vapor filling interior volume [S. W. Haan et al., Phys. Plasmas 18, 051001 (2011)]....
We report on the most recent and successful effort at controlling trajectory symmetry of a high density carbon implosion National Ignition Facility. use low gasfill (0.3 mg/cc He) bare depleted uranium hohlraum with around 1 MJ laser energy to drive 3-shock-ignition relevant implosion. assess performance we demonstrate control convergence 1, 3–5, 12, 27 better than ±5 μm using succession experimental platforms. The was maintained peak fuel velocity 380 km/s. Overall, measurements are...
A detailed simulation-based model of the June 2011 National Ignition Campaign cryogenic DT experiments is presented. The based on integrated hohlraum-capsule simulations that utilize best available models for hohlraum wall, ablator, and equations state opacities. calculated radiation drive was adjusted by changing input laser power to match experimentally measured shock speeds, merger times, peak implosion velocity, bangtime. crossbeam energy transfer tuned time-dependent symmetry. Mid-mode...
We report on the first layered deuterium-tritium (DT) capsule implosions indirectly driven by a "high-foot" laser pulse that were fielded in depleted uranium hohlraums at National Ignition Facility. Recently, high-foot have demonstrated improved resistance to ablation-front Rayleigh-Taylor instability induced mixing of ablator material into DT hot spot [Hurricane et al., Nature (London) 506, 343 (2014)]. Uranium provide higher albedo and thus an increased drive equivalent additional 25 TW...
We present a data-based model for low mode asymmetry in gas-fill hohlraum experiments on the National Ignition Facility {NIF [Moses et al., Fusion Sci. Technol. 69, 1 (2016)]} laser. This is based hypothesis that these fill hohlraums dominated by hydrodynamics of expanding, density, high-Z (gold or uranium) “bubble,” which occurs where intense outer cone laser beams hit wall. developed simple states implosion symmetry becomes more oblate as bubble size large compared to radius capsule...
To reach the pressures and densities required for ignition, it may be necessary to develop an approach design that makes easier simulations guide experiments. Here, we report on a new short-pulse inertial confinement fusion platform is specifically designed more predictable. The has demonstrated $99%+0.5%$ laser coupling into hohlraum, high implosion velocity ($411\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{km}/\mathrm{s}$), hotspot pressure ($220+60\text{ }\mathrm{Gbar}$), cold fuel areal density compression...
We have used x-ray diffraction with subnanosecond temporal resolution to measure the lattice parameters of orthogonal planes in shock compressed single crystals silicon (Si) and copper (Cu). Despite uniaxial compression along (400) direction Si reducing spacing by nearly $11%$, no observable changes occur normals propagation direction. In contrast, shocked Cu shows prompt hydrostaticlike compression. These results are consistent simple estimates plastic strain rates based on dislocation...
The first inertial confinement fusion implosion experiments with equimolar deuterium-tritium thermonuclear fuel have been performed on the National Ignition Facility. These use 0.17 mg of potential for ignition and significant yield conditions. has fielded as a cryogenic layer inside spherical plastic capsule that is mounted in center cylindrical gold hohlraum. Heating hohlraum 192 laser beams total energy 1.6 MJ produces soft x-ray field 300 eV temperature. ablation pressure produced by...
Ignition of imploding inertial confinement capsules requires, among other things, controlling the symmetry with high accuracy and fidelity. We have used gated x-ray imaging, 10 μm 70 ps resolution, to detect emission from imploded core at National Facility. The measurements are characterize time dependent bang implosion two orthogonal directions. These were one primary diagnostics tune parameters laser Hohlraum vary cryogenically cooled ignition scale deuterium/helium filled plastic...