A5068824450- Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics
- Laser-induced spectroscopy and plasma
- Magnetic confinement fusion research
- High-pressure geophysics and materials
- Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications
- Nuclear Physics and Applications
- Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
- Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Combustion and Detonation Processes
- Fusion materials and technologies
- Cold Fusion and Nuclear Reactions
- Laser Design and Applications
- Energetic Materials and Combustion
- Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics
- Superconducting Materials and Applications
- Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows
- Plasma Diagnostics and Applications
- Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows
- Ion-surface interactions and analysis
- Astro and Planetary Science
- Fusion and Plasma Physics Studies
- Nuclear reactor physics and engineering
- Particle accelerators and beam dynamics
- Electromagnetic Launch and Propulsion Technology
- Gas Dynamics and Kinetic Theory
University of Rochester
2016-2025
Energetics (United States)
2016-2025
Applied Energetics (United States)
1998-2025
Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
2023
Sandia National Laboratories
2012-2018
Los Alamos National Laboratory
2012-2018
National Cheng Kung University
2017-2018
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
2018
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
2006-2017
University of Michigan–Ann Arbor
2016-2017
A novel method by C. Zhou and R. Betti [Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 50, 140 (2005)] to assemble ignite thermonuclear fuel is presented. Massive cryogenic shells are first imploded direct laser light with a low implosion velocity on adiabat leading assemblies large areal densities. The assembled ignited from central hot spot heated the collision of spherically convergent ignitor shock return shock. resulting assembly features hot-spot pressure greater than surrounding dense pressure. Such...
Abstract Obtaining a burning plasma is critical step towards self-sustaining fusion energy 1 . A one in which the reactions themselves are primary source of heating plasma, necessary to sustain and propagate burn, enabling high gain. After decades research, here we achieve burning-plasma state laboratory. These experiments were conducted at US National Ignition Facility, laser facility delivering up 1.9 megajoules pulses with peak powers 500 terawatts. We use lasers generate X-rays radiation...
For more than half a century, researchers around the world have been engaged in attempts to achieve fusion ignition as proof of principle various concepts. Following Lawson criterion, an ignited plasma is one where heating power high enough overcome all physical processes that cool plasma, creating positive thermodynamic feedback loop with rapidly increasing temperature. In inertially confined fusion, state can begin "burn propagation" into surrounding cold fuel, enabling possibility energy...
The National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory includes a precision laser system now capable of delivering 1.8 MJ 500 TW 0.35-μm light to target. NIF has been operational since March 2009. A variety experiments have completed in support NIF's mission areas: national security, fundamental science, and inertial fusion energy. capabilities infrastructure are place its missions with nearly 60 X-ray, optical, nuclear diagnostic systems. primary goal the Campaign (NIC) on...
Abstract In a burning plasma state 1–7 , alpha particles from deuterium–tritium fusion reactions redeposit their energy and are the dominant source of heating. This has recently been achieved at US National Ignition Facility 8 using indirect-drive inertial-confinement fusion. Our experiments use laser-generated radiation-filled cavity (a hohlraum) to spherically implode capsules containing deuterium tritium fuel in central hot spot where occur. We have developed more efficient hohlraums...
The quest for controlled fusion has been ongoing since the middle of last century. Recently, however, there have great strides in inertial confinement fusion, a method based on creating high energy densities through implosions. This review covers three major approaches being pursued U.S., discussing key concepts, principles, and technical challenges.
A simple procedure is developed to determine the Froude number Fr, effective power index for thermal conduction ν, ablation-front thickness L0, ablation velocity Va, and acceleration g of laser-accelerated fronts. These parameters are determined by fitting density pressure profiles obtained from one-dimensional numerical simulations with analytic isobaric Kull Anisimov [Phys. Fluids 29, 2067 (1986)]. quantities then used calculate growth rate ablative Rayleigh–Taylor instability using theory...
The stability analysis of external magnetohydrodynamic modes is carried out for a cylindrical plasma in the presence resistive wall, flow, and coupling to sound wave continuous spectrum. It confirmed that resonance mode with continuum produces an effective dissipation. combined effects dissipation flow open up window kinks. This theory can explain numerical results A. Bondeson D. J. Ward [Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 2709 (1994)].
Enhancement of the ion temperature and fusion yield has been observed in magnetized laser-driven inertial confinement implosions on OMEGA Laser Facility. A spherical CH target with a 10 atm D2 gas fill was imploded polar-drive configuration. magnetic field 80 kG embedded subsequently trapped compressed by imploding conductive plasma. As result hot-spot magnetization, electron radial heat losses were suppressed neutron enhanced 15% 30%, respectively.
A stability analysis is carried out for energetic particle-Alfvén gap modes. Three modes have been identified: the toroidicity, ellipticity, and noncircular triangularity induced Alfvén eigenmodes (TAE, EAE, NAE). In highly elongated plasma cross sections with κ−1∼1, EAE may be a more robust mode than TAE NAE. It found that electron Landau damping in plasmas has strong stabilizing influence on n=1 while ion stabilizes high-density regimes. Furthermore, NAE turns to stable all currently...
Shock ignition, an alternative concept for igniting thermonuclear fuel, is explored as a new approach to high gain, inertial confinement fusion targets the National Ignition Facility (NIF). Results indicate yields of $\ensuremath{\sim}120--250\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MJ}$ may be possible with laser drive energies 1--1.6 MJ, while gains $\ensuremath{\sim}50$ still achievable at only $\ensuremath{\sim}0.2\text{ energy. The scaling NIF energy gain found $G\ensuremath{\sim}126E\text{...
A distinctive way of quantitatively imaging inertial fusion implosions has resulted in the characterization two different types electromagnetic configurations and measurement temporal evolution capsule size areal density. Radiography with a pulsed, monoenergetic, isotropic proton source reveals field structures through deflection trajectories, densities are quantified energy lost by protons while traversing plasma. The consist (i) many radial filaments complex striations bifurcations,...
Excessive increase in the shell entropy and degradation from spherical symmetry inertial confinement fusion implosions limit compression could impede ignition. The is controlled by accurately timing shock waves launched into at an early stage of implosion. seeding Rayleigh-Taylor instability, main source asymmetry growth, also set times during transit across shell. In this paper we model perturbation growth directly driven targets measured on OMEGA laser system [T. R. Boehly et al., Opt....
Ignition requires precisely controlled, high convergence implosions to assemble a dense shell of deuterium-tritium (DT) fuel with ρR>∼1 g/cm2 surrounding 10 keV hot spot ρR ∼ 0.3 g/cm2. A working definition ignition has been yield ∼1 MJ. At this the α-particle energy deposited in would have ∼200 kJ, which is already ∼10 × more than kinetic typical implosion. The National Campaign includes low dudded layers study and optimize hydrodynamic assembly diagnostics rich environment. mixture...
The physics of thermonuclear ignition in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) is presented the familiar frame a Lawson-type criterion. product plasma pressure and time Pτ for ICF cast terms measurable parameters its value estimated cryogenic implosions. An overall parameter χ including pressure, time, temperature derived to complement Pτ. A metric performance assessment should include both are compared between magnetic-confinement fusion. It found that implosions on OMEGA [T. R. Boehly et al.,...
Reaching ignition in direct-drive (DD) inertial confinement fusion implosions requires achieving central pressures excess of 100 Gbar. The OMEGA laser system [T. R. Boehly et al., Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)] is used to study the physics that are hydrodynamically equivalent designs on National Ignition Facility (NIF) [J. A. Paisner Laser Focus World 30, 75 (1994)]. It shown highest hot-spot (up 40 Gbar) achieved target with a fuel adiabat α ≃ 4, an implosion velocity 3.8 × 107 cm/s, and...
Along with laser-indirect (X-ray)-drive and magnetic-drive target concepts, laser direct drive is a viable approach to achieving ignition gain inertial confinement fusion. In the United States, national program has been established demonstrate understand physics of drive. The utilizes Omega Laser Facility conduct implosion coupling at nominally 30-kJ scale laser–plasma interaction MJ National Ignition Facility. This article will discuss motivation challenges for broad-based presently...
Experiments applying laser-driven magnetic-flux compression to inertial confinement fusion (ICF) targets enhance the implosion performance are described. Spherical plastic (CH) filled with 10 atm of deuterium gas were imploded by OMEGA Laser, compare Phys. Plasmas 18, 056703 or 056309. Before being imploded, immersed in an 80-kG magnetic seed field. Upon laser irradiation, high velocities and ionization target fill trapped field inside capsule, it was amplified tens megagauss through flux...
DT neutron yield (Y(n)), ion temperature (T(i)), and down-scatter ratio (dsr) determined from measured spectra are essential metrics for diagnosing the performance of inertial confinement fusion (ICF) implosions at National Ignition Facility (NIF). A suite neutron-time-of-flight (nTOF) spectrometers a magnetic recoil spectrometer (MRS) have been implemented in different locations around NIF target chamber, providing good implosion coverage complementarity required reliable measurements Y(n),...
This Letter presents the first experimental demonstration of capability to launch shocks several-hundred Mbar in spherical targets—a milestone for shock ignition [R. Betti et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 155001 (2007)]. Using temporal delay between launching strong at outer surface target and time when converges center, shock-launching pressure can be inferred using radiation-hydrodynamic simulations. Peak ablation pressures exceeding 300 are absorbed laser intensities ∼3×1015 W/cm2. The...