<h3>Abstract</h3> The normal androgen receptor (AR) cistrome and transcriptional program are fundamentally altered in prostate cancer (PCa). Here, we show that <i>SPOP</i> mutations, an early event tumorigenesis, reshape the chromatin landscape AR-directed cells. Induction of mutation results DNA accessibility AR binding patterns found human PCa. Consistent with dependency on this reprogramming, castration mutant mouse models loss neoplastic phenotypes. Finally, PCa improved response to...

<b><i><i>Background:</i></i></b> fMRI language tasks readily identify frontal areas; temporal activation has been less consistent. No studies have compared clinical visual judgment to quantitative region of interest (ROI) analysis. <b><i><i>Objective:</i></i></b> To areas in patients with partial epilepsy using a reading paradigm and ROI interpretation. <b><i><i>Methods:</i></i></b> Thirty lobe epilepsy, aged 8 56 years, had 1.5-T fMRI. Patients silently named an object described by sentence...

Abstract We examined developmental differences, in location and extent of fMRI language activation maps, between adults children while performing a semantic fluency task. studied 29 16 with echo planar imaging BOLD at 1.5 T using covert verbal (generation words to categories compared rest) block design. Post task testing was administered assess performance. Individual data were analyzed an priori region interest approach from t maps ( = 4) asymmetry indices (AI). Group studies SPM 99...

BACKGROUND The authors prospectively assessed anxiety, depression, and behavior in children with standard‐risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia (SR‐ALL) during the first year of therapy identified associated risk factors. METHODS A cohort study was performed 159 (aged 2 years‐9.99 years) SR‐ALL who were enrolled on Children's Oncology Group protocol AALL0331 at 31 sites. Parents completed Behavior Assessment System for Children, General Functioning Scale Family Device, Coping Health Inventory...

BACKGROUND The months immediately after the completion of treatment for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are often regarded as a stressful time children and families. In this prospective, longitudinal study, prevalence predictors anxiety depressive symptoms were examined. METHODS Participants included 160 aged 2 to 9 years with standard‐risk ALL who enrolled on Children's Oncology Group protocol AALL0331. Parents completed standardized rating scales their children's...

The organization of neuronal systems that process language in young children is poorly understood. authors used fMRI to identify brain regions underlying auditory comprehension healthy children.Fifteen right-handed (mean age 6.8 years) underwent at 1.5-T using blood oxygen level dependent echoplanar imaging. They listened stories with a reverse speech control condition. Group data were analyzed statistical parametric mapping. Individual subject region interest approach based on t-maps. An...

<b><i>Background:</i></b> fMRI allows mapping of neural networks underlying cognitive during development, but few studies have systematically examined children 7 and younger, in whom language may be more diffusely organized than adults. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To identify early reading consolidation young children. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The authors studied 16 normal, right-handed, native English-speaking with a mean age 7.2 years (range 5.8 to 7.9) paradigms adjusted for level. Data were...

Standard risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia (SR‐ALL) has high cure rates, but requires 2–3 years of therapy. We aimed to ( i ) prospectively evaluate health‐related quality life (HRQOL) during and after SR‐ALL therapy, ii identify associated predictors. Parents 160 patients enrolled on Children's Oncology Group (COG) therapeutic trial AALL0331 at 31 sites completed the Pediatric Quality Life Inventory (PedsQL) 4.0 Generic Core Scales (physical, emotional social functioning) Family Assessment...

<b><i>Background:</i></b> fMRI provides a noninvasive means of identifying the location and organization neural networks that underlie cognitive functions. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To identify, using fMRI, brain regions involved in processing written text children. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The authors studied nine normal right-handed native English-speaking children, aged 10.2 years (range 7.9 to 13.3 years), with two paradigms: reading Aesop's Fables "Read Response Naming" (reading...

<b>Objective: </b> To investigate the degree of language dominance in patients with left and right hemisphere seizure foci compared to normal volunteers using a fMRI reading comprehension task. <b>Methods: Fifty complex partial epilepsy, aged 8 56 years 33 volunteers, 7 34 had (1.5 T) neuropsychological testing. Participants silently named an object described by sentence visual control. Data were analyzed region interest (ROI) analysis based on t maps for inferior frontal gyrus (IFG),...

Background: Functional magnetic resonance imaging is a noninvasive method of assessing language dominance in pediatric population.Objective: To determine the pattern receptive lateralization healthy children.Design: We used functional to assess an auditory task 11 children (7 girls, 4 boys; mean age, 8.5 years).Participants alternately rested and listened descriptors nouns presented auditorily, naming object described silently.Asymmetry indices ([(left -right)/(left + right)]) were...

Background Despite higher cure rates, childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) may continue to result in considerable family strain. We sought (i) measure incidence of divorce, reduced career opportunities, changes work hours, home relocation, and planning at one year after ALL diagnosis; (ii) Identify patient factors associated with these events. Procedure conducted a prospective cohort study 159 children average risk‐ALL enrolled treated on COG protocol AALL0331 31 selected sites....

BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma survivors may be at elevated risk for psychological impairments because of their young age diagnosis and neurotoxic treatment, but this is not well described. METHODS A total 859 ≥5‐year neuroblastoma younger than 18 years (diagnosed in 1970‐1999), who had a median 0.8 (range: 0.0‐7.3 years) follow‐up 13.3 8.0‐17.9 years), were compared with 872 siblings childhood cancer the parent‐reported Behavior Problem Index (BPI) functioning. Age‐ sex‐adjusted multivariate...

Restricted stimulus control refers to discrimination learning with atypical limitations in the range of controlling stimuli or features. In study reported here, 4 normally capable individuals and 10 intellectual disabilities (ID) performed two‐sample delayed matching sample. Sample‐stimulus observing was recorded an eye‐tracking apparatus. High accuracy scores indicated by both sample for nondisabled participants ID, eye tracking data showed reliable all stimuli. Intermediate restricted...

BACKGROUND Children with average‐risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia (AR‐ALL) face many challenges that can adversely affect their quality of life (QOL). However, to the authors' knowledge, patterns and predictors QOL impairment during therapy have not been well characterized date. METHODS Patients AR‐ALL who were enrolled on Children's Oncology Group AALL0932 trial offered participation in this prospective cohort study if they aged ≥4 years at time diagnosis had an English‐speaking parent. At...

Frequent hospitalizations for sickle cell disease (SCD) vaso-occlusive crises (VOCs) are associated with school absenteeism, emotional distress, and financial hardships. Our goal was to decrease hospital days VOC admissions by 40% over a 5-year period.From October 2011 September 2016, multidisciplinary quality-improvement project conducted plan-do-study-act methodology. Five key drivers were identified 9 interventions implemented. Interventions included individualized home pain plans,...

Many childhood cancer survivors develop neurocognitive impairment, negatively affecting education and psychosocial functioning. Recommended comprehensive neuropsychological testing can be time- cost- intensive for both institutions patients their families. It is important to find quick easily administered surveillance measures identify those in need of evaluation. We evaluated, individually combination, the sensitivity specificity 1) Behavior Rating Inventory Executive...

Neurocognitive problems, including executive dysfunction, are potential late effects of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment. Surveillance for neurocognitive impairment in a timely and efficient manner is imperative to ongoing clinical care. We sought determine if the Behavior Rating Inventory Executive Function (BRIEF) Parent Form identified survivors with cognitive impairment. In this 28-site cross-sectional study, parents 256 children, mean 8.9±2.2 years after treatment...

AbstractThe present experiment analyzed manual and ocular observing behavior during a Wyckoff observing-response procedure. Following visual discrimination training with multiple variable-interval extinction schedule, four human subjects pressed key to earn points under the corresponding mixed schedule. Subjects could emit response, touching spot on computer touchscreen, that produced S+ S- stimuli correlated components, respectively, thus converting schedule into Eye-tracking apparatus...

Objective Assess the association between fine motor (FM) and visual–motor integration (VMI) skills academic achievement in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) survivors. Methods In this 28-site cross-sectional study of 256 children first remission, a mean 8.9 ± 2.2 years after treatment for standard-risk precursor-B ALL, validated measures FM, VMI, reading, math, intelligence were administered at follow-up age 12.8 2.5 years. Results VMI was significantly associated with written...

Parents' perception of their children's vulnerability to illness following cancer treatment is largely unknown, but important understand given known challenges transitioning survivors postcancer care. We investigated the frequency and factors associated with perceived by parents childhood attending a regional survivorship clinic.This cohort study was offered all pediatric patients (currently ≤18 years) Yale clinic January 2010 October 2016 who were ≥1 year postcurative therapy. Participating...