The hormone melatonin has many properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. Melatonin been demonstrated to be beneficial in several inflammatory autoimmune diseases, but its effects rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remain controversial. We sought determine how regulates inflammation RA. found that dose-dependently inhibits tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) interleukin (IL)-1β expression through the PI3K/AKT, ERK, NF-κB signaling pathways. also identified TNF-α...

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic inflammatory and progressive joint disease that results in cartilage degradation subchondral bone remodeling. The proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) abundantly expressed OA plays crucial role remodeling, although its the activity of chondrocytes remodeling remains unclear. In this study, stimulating chondrogenic ATDC5 cells with IL-1β increased levels morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), promoted articular degradation, enhanced structural...

Osteoarthritis (OA) is represented by the accumulation and adhesion of M1 macrophages into synovium tissues in joint microenvironment subsequent inflammatory response. Cordycerebroside A, a cerebroside compound isolated from Cordyceps militaris, exhibits anti-inflammatory activity, but has not yet been examined during OA disease. Our results indicate higher expression macrophage markers tissue patients compared with normal healthy controls. Records Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data set our...

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent joint disease commonly associated with aging and obesity, which can lead to pain, stiffness, dysfunction, disability. Omentin-1 (also called intelectin-1) newly discovered adipokine, plays protective role in suppressing the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Based on data from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset clinical samples obtained at our institution revealed, determined that omentin-1 IL-4 (an anti-inflammatory cytokine) levels were...

BackgroundLeptin, an adipocyte-secreted hormone that centrally regulates weight control, may exert proinflammatory effects in the joint, depending on immune response. Leptin is abundantly expressed osteoarthritis (OA) cartilage and synovium. However, relationship between leptin interleukin-6 (IL-6) OA synovial fibroblasts (OASFs) remains obscure. Methodology/Principal FindingsStimulation of OASFs with induced IL-6 expression a concentration- time-dependent manner. long (OBRl) short (OBRs)...

Abstract Angiogenesis is a critical process in the formation of new capillaries and key participant rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis. The chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 13 (CXCL13) plays important roles several cellular functions such as infiltration, migration, motility. We report significantly higher levels CXCL13 expression collagen-induced (CIA) mice compared with controls also synovial fluid from RA patients human osteoarthritis (OA) samples. increased endothelial progenitor cell...

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a prototypic inflammatory disease, characterized by the infiltration of proinflammatory cytokines into joint synovium and migration mononuclear cells sites.The adipokine nesfatin-1 linked to events in various diseases, although its role RA pathology uncertain.Analysis Gene Expression Omnibus GSE55235 dataset revealed high levels expression human synovial tissue.Similarly, our tissue samples exhibited increasing Ccl2 mRNA expression.Nesfatin-1-induced stimulation...

Background: Antcin K, an extract of Antrodia cinnamomea (a medicinal mushroom endemic to Taiwan commonly used in Chinese medicine preparations), inhibits proinflammatory cytokine production and angiogenesis human rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASFs), major players RA disease. Antcin K also disease activity mice with collagen-induced (CIA). Up until now, the effects of upon cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) were unknown. Methods: RA healthy tissue samples...

Antrodia cinnamomea is a well-known medicinal mushroom in Taiwan that exhibits anti-inflammatory biological activities. In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), chronic inflammation and angiogenesis driven by proinflammatory cytokines reflect the severity of disease. Although treatments have improved outlook for RA, no healing exists. Moreover, available pharmacotherapies do not work all patients drug safety major consideration. Investigations into plant-based medicines hope to reveal better, more...

Extracts from Taiwan’s traditional medicinal mushroom, Antrodia cinnamomea , exhibit anti-inflammatory activities in cellular and preclinical studies. However, this paper is the first to report that Antcin K, a triterpenoid isolated A. inhibits proinflammatory cytokine production human rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts (RASFs), which are major players arthritis (RA) disease. In our analysis of mechanism action, K inhibited expression three cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α],...

Abstract The pro‐inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1 beta (IL‐1β) plays a critical role in osteoarthritis (OA) disease pathogenesis. MicroRNA (miRNA) activity is related to inflammation OA and some miRNAs specifically regulate IL‐mediated degradation of cartilage type II collagen. Previous studies have indicated that miR‐144‐3p useful target the regulation cytokines different diseases. However, unclear. In this study, we observed negative correlation between IL‐1β expression OA. mimic...

Abstract Progressive structural changes in osteoarthritis (OA) involve synovial inflammation and angiogenesis, as well activation of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) interleukin (IL)-8, angiogenic vascular endothelial growth (VEGF). The endogenous hormone melatonin ( N -acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is involved antioxidative anti-inflammatory activities, but how it antagonizes OA progression via its specific receptors unclear. Here, we demonstrate that MT 1...

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a long‑term, degenerative joint disease that presents significant clinical challenges and imposes considerable financial burdens. Fibrosis closely intertwined with the pathogenesis of various diseases, including OA. Using data from GDS5401 dataset, present study determined expression levels fibrosis factor connective tissue growth (CTGF) were significantly higher in OA patients than normal individuals. The also identified CTGF elevated both compared healthy controls...

Abstract Bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2), a member of transforming growth factor‐β superfamily, plays crucial role in migration and metastasis human cancer cells. Integrins are the major adhesive molecules mammalian Here we found that BMP‐2 directed increased cell surface mRNA expression β1 integrin chondrosarcoma cells (JJ012). Pretreated JJ012 with phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase inhibitor (PI3K; Ly294002) or Akt inhibited BMP‐2‐mediated expression. phosphorylation p85 subunit PI3K...

Background Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF; also known as CCN2) is an inflammatory mediator, and shows elevated levels in regions of severe injury diseases. CTGF abundantly expressed osteoarthritis (OA). However, the relationship between IL-6 OA synovial fibroblasts (OASFs) mostly unknown. Methodology/Principal Findings OASFs showed significant expression CTGF, was higher than normal SFs. stimulation with induced concentration-dependent increases expression. mediated production...

YKL-40, also known as human cartilage glycoprotein-39 or chitinase-3-like-1, is a pro-inflammatory protein that highly expressed in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Angiogenesis critical step the pathogenesis of RA, promoting infiltration inflammatory cells into joints and providing oxygen nutrients to RA pannus. In this study, we examined effects YKL-40 production cytokine interleukin-18 (IL-18), stimulation angiogenesis accumulation osteoblasts. We observed induces IL-18 osteoblasts...

Osteoarthritis (OA) is an age-related disease marked by synovial inflammation and cartilage destruction arising from synovitis, joint swelling pain. OA therapy that targets the synovium a promising strategy for mitigating symptoms progression. Altered activity of transforming growth factor-β1 isoform (TGF-β1) during aging underlies Notably, aberrant forkhead box class O 3 (FOXO3) implicated in pathogenesis various diseases, including OA. This study explored interaction cross-talk TGF-β1...

Synovium-induced angiogenesis is central to osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis and thus a promising therapeutic target. The adipokine apelin (APLN) involved in both OA angiogenesis. We examined the role of APLN synovium-induced by investigating crosstalk between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression human synovial fibroblasts (OASFs). found higher levels VEGF samples compared with normal samples. APLN-induced stimulation VEGF-dependent OASFs was mitigated FAK/Src/Akt signaling....

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterised by the infiltration of a number proinflammatory cytokines into synovial fluid. Soya-cerebroside, an extract from Cordyceps militaris, inhibits inflammation and reduces cartilage damage in osteoarthritis model, although role soya-cerebroside inflammatory cytokine expression RA uncertain. In this study, Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database records revealed higher levels interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 IL-8 tissue compared with normal tissue. Elevated...