The Atacama Desert is one of the driest deserts in world and its soil, with extremely low moisture, organic carbon content, oxidizing conditions, considered to be at dry limit for life.

Amplification, sequencing, and analysis of the 16S rRNA gene affords characterization microbial community composition. As this tool has become more popular amplicon-sequencing applications have grown in total number samples, growth sample multiplexing is becoming necessary while maintaining high sequence quality sequencing depth. Here, modifications to Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform are described which produce greater capabilities 300-bp paired-end reads higher than those produced by current...

The Atacama Desert is one of the oldest and driest deserts in world, its hyper-arid core described as 'the most barren region imaginable'. We used a combination high-throughput sequencing microscopy methods to characterize endolithic microbial assemblages halite pinnacles (salt rocks) collected several areas desert. found communities dominated by archaea that relied on single phylotype Halothece cyanobacteria for primary production. A few other phylotypes salt-adapted bacteria archaea,...

Bacterial vaginosis-associated bacterium 1 (BVAB1) is an as-yet uncultured bacterial species found in the human vagina that belongs to family

Under extreme water deficit, endolithic (inside rock) microbial ecosystems are considered environmental refuges for life in cold and hot deserts, yet their diversity functional adaptations remain vastly unexplored. The metagenomic analyses of the communities from two rock substrates, calcite ignimbrite, revealed that they were dominated by Cyanobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi. relative distribution major phyla was significantly different between substrates biodiversity estimates, 16S...

Background Vulvovaginal candidiasis is commonly diagnosed and has been associated in prospective studies with the acquisition of HIV. Little data available on how composition vaginal microbiota, other risk factors, are molecular detection Candida albicans —a common cause vulvovaginal candidiasis. Methods In a cross-sectional study, self-collected swabs were obtained from 394 nonpregnant, reproductive-age women. C. was detected using polymerase chain reaction targeting ITS1/2 region. Vaginal...

The halophilic archaeon Halobacterium salinarum NRC-1 was used as a model system to investigate cellular damage induced by exposure high doses of ionizing radiation (IR). Oxidative damages are the main lesions from IR and result free radicals production via radiolysis water. This is first study quantify DNA base modification in prokaryote, revealing direct relationship between yield dose. Most importantly, our data demonstrate significance other than strand breaks on cell survival. We also...

Complexity of cellular response to oxidative stress (OS) stems from its wide‐ranging damage nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. We have constructed a systems model OS (OSR) for Halobacterium salinarum NRC‐ 1 in an attempt understand the architecture regulatory network that coordinates this complex response. This has revealed multi‐tiered OS‐management program transcriptionally coordinate three peroxidase/catalase enzymes, two superoxide dismutases, production rhodopsins,...

Oxidative stress occurs when the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) exceeds capacity cell's endogenous systems to neutralize them. Our analyses cellular damage and oxidative responses archaeon Halobacterium salinarum exposed ionizing radiation (IR) revealed a critical role played by nonenzymatic antioxidant processes in resistance H. IR. ROS-scavenging enzymes were essential for chemical oxidants, yet those not necessary salinarum's We found that protein-free cell extracts from...

Abstract Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) are two highly prevalent bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) with a significant rate of co-infection in some populations. Vaginal metabolites influenced by resident vaginal microbiota, affect susceptibility to (STIs), may impact local inflammation patient symptoms. Examining the metabolome context CT mono (CT+) CT/MG (CT+/MG+) identify biomarkers for infection or provide new insights into disease etiology...

Bacterial vaginosis (BV), a clinical condition characterized by decreased vaginal Lactobacillus spp., is difficult to treat. We examined associations between micronutrient intake and low-Lactobacillus microbiota as assessed molecular methods (termed "molecular-BV").This cross-sectional analysis utilized data collected at the baseline visit of Hormonal Contraception Longitudinal Study, cohort reproductive-aged women followed over 2 years while initiating or ceasing hormonal contraception...

Purpose: Higher education, as a field of study, is one the few programmatic areas that offer two doctoral degrees: The Doctor Education (EdD) and Philosophy (PhD). In United States, degrees are often conflated. Conversations, to this point, have done more contribute theoretical debate than operationally distinguish between degree paths. Method: current study analyzed data collected from review 188 programs at 145 institutions listed with Association for Study (ASHE). Results: Results suggest...

Vaginolysin (VLY), a cytotoxic protein produced by Gardnerella vaginalis, may contribute to bacterial vaginosis. We observed that women with G. low levels of lactobacilli, history vaginal douching, higher Nugent scores, and pH had increased VLY. Inflammatory markers were not highly expressed increasing Vaginolysin's role in vaginosis warrants further evaluation.

The vaginal microbiota play a key role in defense against reproductive tract infections; however, many population-based women's health studies do not collect samples. Molecular examinations of urine samples have revealed common bacteria. We sought to assess the extent that community state type assignments archived random-catch and clean-catch agreed with paired both reproductive-age peri/post-menopausal women. Using samples, we evaluated concordance among women three studies: two...

Recent studies suggest that birth mode (Cesarean section [C-section] or vaginal delivery) is an important event in the initial colonization of human microbiome and may be associated with long-term health outcomes. We sought to determine association between a woman's her microbiota adulthood. re-contacted 144 adult women from two U.S. administered brief survey. Vaginal was characterized on single sample by amplicon sequencing V3-V4 hypervariable regions 16S rRNA gene clustered into community...

Abstract Bacterial Vaginosis Associated Bacteria 1 (BVAB1) is an uncultured bacterial species found in the human vagina that belongs to family Lachnospiraceae within order Clostridiales , and as its name suggests, often associated with vaginosis (BV). In reproductive health, BV of concern due risk for HIV, Chlamydia trachomatis Neisseria gonorrhoeae acquisition well preterm birth. BVAB1 has been shown be persistence after metronidazole treatment increased vaginal inflammation, confer a...

Abstract Amplification, sequencing and analysis of the 16S rRNA gene affords characterization microbial community composition. As this tool has become more popular amplicon-sequencing applications have grown in total number samples, growth sample multiplexing is becoming necessary while maintaining high sequence quality depth. Here, modifications to Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform are described which produce greater capabilities 300 bp paired-end reads higher than produced by current MiSeq...

Bacterial diseases of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract continue to be a major worldwide cause human morbidity and mortality. Among various enteric pathogens, Shigella spp. are some most common deadly bacterial pathogens. They responsible for ~125 million cases shigellosis, ~14,000 deaths annually, majority in children under age 5 occurring developing countries. Preventing treating shigellosis with conventional drugs (e.g., vaccines antibiotics) has proven very difficult. Here, we assessed...

Abstract. Efforts in searching for microbial life the driest part of Atacama Desert, Chile, revealed a small number lithic habitats that can be considered as environmental refuges life. In this study, we describe first time chasmoendolithic colonization fissures and cracks rhyolite-gypsum calcite rocks collected hyper-arid zone desert. The use high-throughput sequencing rock communities comprised few dominant phylotypes less abundant taxa representing majority total community diversity. were...

<h3>Background</h3> Despite widespread use, the effect of hormonal contraception (HC) on vaginal microbiota (VMB) is understudied. We compared VMB in a longitudinal observational study women during intervals and off HC. <h3>Methods</h3> Women stopping starting any form HC (controls) collected swabs twice-weekly for 2 weeks prior to 7 visits over years. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was conducted, categorized into community state types (CSTs): 4 dominated by <i>Lactobacillus</i> spp, 3...