A5063970592- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Pregnancy and Medication Impact
- Nutritional Studies and Diet
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Reproductive System and Pregnancy
- Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Reproductive tract infections research
- Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
- Health disparities and outcomes
- Infant Nutrition and Health
- Vitamin D Research Studies
- Diet and metabolism studies
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Trace Elements in Health
- Healthcare Systems and Reforms
- Syphilis Diagnosis and Treatment
- Infant Health and Development
Columbia University
2018-2025
Columbia University Irving Medical Center
2025
Johns Hopkins Medicine
2014-2021
Johns Hopkins University
2012-2021
B. J. Medical College & Sassoon Hospital
2018
University of Baltimore
2014
<h3>Importance</h3> Higher intake of dietary fiber has been associated with lower inflammation, but whether there are differences in this association by source (ie, cereal, vegetable, or fruit) not studied to date. <h3>Objectives</h3> To evaluate the associations total and fruit intake) inflammation mediates inverse between cardiovascular disease (CVD). <h3>Design, Setting, Participants</h3> At baseline visit (1989-1990) 4125 adults aged 65 years older an ongoing US cohort study, was...
Maternal HIV infection can affect placental immunology and expression of the neonatal crystallizable fragment receptor (FcRn), which allows transplacental antibody transfer. This study delineated differences in FcRn T-cell by status, with or without viral suppression. observational cohort Pune, India, followed pregnant women through 1 year postpartum; 42 had placenta collected, stratified status. was analyzed Western blot (normalized GADPH) compared using ImageJ. Placental CD4/CD8 abundance...
This study investigates the feasibility and acceptability of a powder-based supplement for breastfeeding HIV-exposed uninfected children to inform larger trial (MIGH-T MO study). Ten mothers living with HIV their (6 weeks-20 months) at Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa, participated. The received daily potato maltodextrin mixed expressed breast milk 4 weeks, serving as placebo control upcoming trial. Outcomes assessed included feasibility, acceptability, adherence, health effects,...
Two doses of measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine are 97% effective against but waning antibody immunity to measles failure the 2-dose occur. We administered a third MMR dose (MMR3) young adults assessed immunogenicity over 1 year.Measles virus (MeV) neutralizing concentrations, cell-mediated (CMI), immunoglobulin G (IgG) avidity were at baseline month year after MMR3 receipt.Of 662 subjects baseline, (0.2%) was seronegative for MeV-neutralizing antibodies (level, <8 mIU/mL), 23 (3.5%)...
Bacterial vaginosis (BV), a clinical condition characterized by decreased vaginal Lactobacillus spp., is difficult to treat. We examined associations between micronutrient intake and low-Lactobacillus microbiota as assessed molecular methods (termed "molecular-BV").This cross-sectional analysis utilized data collected at the baseline visit of Hormonal Contraception Longitudinal Study, cohort reproductive-aged women followed over 2 years while initiating or ceasing hormonal contraception...
<h3>Importance</h3> The association of elevated levels specific inflammatory markers during pregnancy with adverse birth outcomes and infant growth could indicate pathways for potential interventions. <h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate whether higher certain are associated preterm (PTB), low weight (LBW), deficits. <h3>Design, Setting, Participants</h3> In this cohort study pregnant women or without HIV, 218 mother-infant pairs were followed up from through 12 months post partum June 27, 2016,...
Numerous micronutrients have immunomodulatory roles that may influence risk of tuberculosis (TB), but the association between baseline micronutrient deficiencies and incident TB after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation in HIV-infected individuals is not well characterized.We conducted a case-cohort study (n = 332) within randomized trial comparing 3 ART regimens 1571 HIV treatment-naive adults from 9 countries. A subcohort 30 patients was randomly selected each country 270). Cases 77;...
Recovery from measles results in life-long protective immunity. To understand induction of long-term immunity, rhesus macaques were studied for 6 months after infection with wild-type virus (MeV). Infection caused viremia and rash, clearance infectious by day 14. MeV RNA persisted PBMCs 30–90 days lymphoid tissue most often B cells but was rarely detected BM. Antibody neutralizing activity binding specificity nucleocapsid (N), hemagglutinin (H), fusion proteins appeared the rash avidity...
ABSTRACT The innate immune response to viral infection frequently includes induction of type I interferons (IFN), but many viruses have evolved ways block this and increase virulence. In vitro studies IFN production after susceptible cells with measles virus (MeV) often reported greater synthesis vaccine than wild-type strains MeV. However, the possible presence in laboratory stocks 5′ copy-back defective interfering (DI) RNAs that induce independent standard has confounded interpretation...
The innate immune response to viral infections often includes induction of types I and III interferons (IFNs) production antiviral proteins. Measles is a severe virus-induced rash disease, but in vitro studies suggest that the absence defective interfering RNAs, neither wild-type (WT) nor vaccine strains measles virus (MeV) induce IFN. To determine whether IFN produced vivo, we studied tissues from macaques infected with or WT MeV using quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain...
SETTING: Pune, India.OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence and risk factors of pre-diabetes mellitus (DM) DM, its associations with clinical presentation tuberculosis (TB).DESIGN: Screening for DM was conducted among adults (age 18 years) confirmed TB between December 2013 January 2017. We used multinomial regression to evaluate pre-DM (glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c] 5.7–6.5% or fasting glucose 100–125 mg/dl) (HbA1c 6.5% 126 mg/dl random blood > 200 self-reported history/treatment)...
Persons with HIV (PWH) have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to HIV-seronegative individuals (SN). Inflammation contributes this but the role lipid mediators, central roles in inflammation, infection remain be established; further aspirin reduces CVD general population through production some these anti-inflammatory they not been studied PWH.
A case-cohort analysis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) was performed within a multicountry randomized trial (PEARLS) to assess the prevalence persistently elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, based on serial measurements CRP and their association with HIV clinical failure. level in plasma (defined as ≥ 5 mg/L at both baseline 24 weeks after ART initiation) observed 50 205 (24%). but not an only single time point...
Background. Anemia is a known risk factor for clinical failure following antiretroviral therapy (ART). Notably, anemia and inflammation are interrelated, recent studies have associated elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), an marker, with adverse human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment outcomes, yet their joint effect not known. The objective of this study was to assess prevalence factors in HIV infection determine whether CRP jointly predict post-ART. Methods. A case-cohort (N = 470 [236...
A case-cohort study, within a multi-country trial of antiretroviral therapy (ART) efficacy (Prospective Evaluation Antiretrovirals in Resource Limited Settings (PEARLS)), was conducted to determine if pre-ART serum selenium deficiency is independently associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progression after ART initiation. Cases were HIV-1 infected adults either clinical failure (incident World Health Organization (WHO) stage 3, 4 or death by 96 weeks) virologic 24...
Preterm birth (PTB) rates are high in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected populations, even when on treatment. Still, only a subset of all births HIV-infected pregnant women result PTB, suggesting that risk factors other than HIV infection itself also important. Inflammation is known factor uninfected but its role population have not been studied; addition, the immune pathways involved clear and noninvasive markers with predictive value lacking. Our objective was to determine...
The optimal timing of screening for diabetes mellitus (DM) among tuberculosis (TB) cases is unclear due to the possibility stress hyperglycemia.
Introduction Host lipids play important roles in tuberculosis (TB) pathogenesis. Whether host at TB treatment initiation (baseline) affect subsequent outcomes has not been well characterised. We used unbiased lipidomics to study the prospective association of with failure. Methods A case–control (n=192), nested within a cohort study, was investigate baseline plasma failure among adults pulmonary TB. Cases (n=46) were defined as failure, while controls (n=146) those without Complex and...
Abstract Background. We assessed immune activation after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation to understand clinical failure in diverse settings. Methods. performed a case-control study ACTG Prospective Evaluation of Antiretrovirals Resource-Limited Settings (PEARLS). Cases were defined as incident World Health Organization Stage 3 or 4 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease death, analyzed from ART weeks 24 (ART24) 96. Controls randomly selected. Interleukin (IL)-6, interferon...
Background Recent studies in adults have characterized differences systemic inflammation between with and without latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI+ vs . LTBI−). Potential by LTBI status has not been assess pregnant women. Methods We conducted a cohort study of 155 LTBI+ 65 LTBI− women, stratified HIV status, attending an antenatal clinic Pune, India. was assessed interferon gamma release assay. Plasma used to measure markers using immunoassays: IFN β , CRP, AGP, I-FABP, γ IL-1 soluble...
COVID-19 mortality is increased in patients with diabetes. A common hypothesis that the relationship of inflammation differs by diabetes status.