A5040009952- Hepatitis C virus research
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research
- interferon and immune responses
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Diabetes and associated disorders
- Inhalation and Respiratory Drug Delivery
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- Viral-associated cancers and disorders
- Hepatitis Viruses Studies and Epidemiology
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Biosensors and Analytical Detection
- Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research
Johns Hopkins University
2016-2025
Johns Hopkins Medicine
2016-2025
University of Baltimore
2017
Novartis (Ireland)
2013
Merck (Singapore)
2013
Janssen (Belgium)
2013
Gilead Sciences (France)
2013
Huazhong University of Science and Technology
2013
Roche (Switzerland)
2013
Bristol-Myers Squibb (Germany)
2013
Persons with HIV infection have been reported to develop age-related diseases at younger ages than those without HIV. Whether this finding is related or failure control for other risk factors unknown.To investigate whether persons hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related liver disease similar HIV.Comparison of the severity fibrosis by age among who HCV and followed concurrently in same protocol.Observational cohort from Baltimore, Maryland, participating ALIVE (AIDS Linked IntraVenous Experience)...
SARS-CoV-2 (CoV2) antibody therapies, including COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP), monoclonal antibodies, and hyperimmune globulin, are among the leading treatments for individuals with early infection. The functionality of varies greatly, but association epitope specificities remains uncharacterized. We assessed reactivities to peptides across CoV2 4 endemic human coronavirus (HCoV) genomes in 126 CCP donations. found strong correlation between polyclonal targeting spike protein peptides....
The focus of hepatitis B functional cure, defined as sustained loss virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) and HBV DNA from blood, is on eliminating or silencing the intranuclear template for replication, covalently closed circular (cccDNA). However, HBsAg also derives integrated into host genome (iDNA). Little known about contribution iDNA to circulating with current therapeutics. We applied a multiplex droplet digital PCR assay demonstrate that responsible maintaining quantities in some...
ABSTRACT Inhalational pneumonic tularemia, caused by Francisella tularensis , is lethal in humans. F. phagocytosed macrophages followed escape from phagosomes into the cytoplasm. Little known of phagocytic mechanisms for particularly as they relate to lung and alveolar macrophages. Here we examined receptors on primary human monocytes which mediate phagocytosis intracellular survival novicida. novicida association with monocyte-derived (MDM) was greater than monocytes. Bacteria were readily...
We identified two genes induced by type 1 interferon in activated CD4 + T cells that are associated with HIV restriction humans.
Background. Both wasting and obesity are associated with inflammation, but the extent to which body weight changes influence inflammation during human immunodeficiency virus infection is unknown.
Background: Women progress to death at the same rate as men despite lower plasma HIV RNA (viral load). We investigated sex-specific differences in immune activation and inflammation a potential explanation. Methods: Inflammatory markers [interferon γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α, IL-6, IL-18, IFN-γ–induced protein 10, C-reactive (CRP), lipopolysaccharide, sCD14] were measured weeks 0, 24, 48 after combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) random subcohort (n = 215) who achieved virologic...
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are characterized by the combined expression of semi-invariant cell receptor (TCR) Vα7.2, lectin CD161, as well IL-18R, and play an important role in antibacterial host defense gut. The current study CD161+ MAIT CD161–TCRVα7.2+ subsets within a large cohort HIV patients with emphasis on slow disease progression elite controllers. Mononuclear from blood lymph node samples plasma 63 26 healthy donors were analyzed multicolor flow cytometry ELISA for...
The cornerstone of functional cure for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is surface antigen (HBsAg) loss from blood. HBsAg encoded by covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) and HBV integrated into the host genome (iDNA). Nucleos(t)ide analogues (NUCs), mainstay CHB treatment, rarely lead to loss, which we hypothesized was due continued iDNA transcription despite decreased cccDNA transcription. To test this, applied a novel multiplex droplet digital PCR that identifies dominant source mRNAs 3436...
Francisella tularensis, a Gram-negative facultative intracellular pathogen infecting principally macrophages and monocytes, is the etiological agent of tularemia. Macrophage responses to F. tularensis infection include production pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-12, which critical for immunity against infection. Molecular mechanisms regulating these inflammatory mediators are poorly understood. Herein we report that SH2 domain-containing inositol phosphatase (SHIP)...
AcpA of Francisella spp. is a respiratory-burst-inhibiting acid phosphatase that also exhibits phospholipase C activity. To better understand the molecular basis in virulence, deletion acpA was constructed novicida. The and lipase activities were reduced 10-fold 8-fold, respectively, mutant compared to wild type found mostly associated with outer membrane. more susceptible intracellular killing than wild-type strain THP-1 human macrophage-like cell line. In addition, mice infected survived...
HIV-related enhancement of gut microbial translocation is associated with progression hepatic fibrosis. Although macrophages (Kupffer cells) clear most products and can be infected by HIV, their fate in HIV has not been carefully investigated.We studied Kupffer cell density (KCD) 76 HIV-hepatitis C virus coinfected patients investigated at various stages liver disease CD4(+) lymphocyte depletion (and restoration).KCD averaged 23 cells per high-powered field (range 4.4-52.2) was highest...
Chronic liver infection by hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major public health concern. Despite partly successful treatment options, several aspects of intrahepatic HCV dynamics are still poorly understood, including the preferred mode viral propagation, as well proportion infected hepatocytes. Answers to these questions have important implications for development therapeutic interventions. In this study, we present methods analyze spatial distribution hepatocytes obtained single cell laser...
Long-lived HIV-1 reservoirs that persist despite antiretroviral therapy (ART) are a major impediment to cure for HIV-1. We examined whether human liver macrophages (LMs), the largest tissue macrophage population, comprise an reservoir. purified LMs from explants and included treatment with T cell immunotoxin reduce cells 1% or less. were 9 HIV-1-infected persons, 8 of whom on ART (range 8-140 months). Purified stimulated ex vivo supernatants 6 persons transmitted infection. However,...
Background: Chronic viral hepatitis is a potentially important determinant of health care utilization among persons living with HIV. We describe hospitalization rates and reasons for HIV stratified by coinfection B virus (HBV) and/or C (HCV). Methods: Laboratory, demographic, data were obtained all patients receiving longitudinal during 2010 at 9 geographically diverse sites. Hepatitis serostatus was assessed surface antigen antibody. ICD-9 codes used to assign hospitalizations into...
Objective Microbial translocation (MT) is thought to be a major contributor the pathogenesis of HIV-related immune activation, and circulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria principle measurement this process. However, related research has been impeded by inconsistent LPS test results. Methods Specimens were obtained HIV-infected adults enrolled in PEARLS study (ACTG A5175) HIV-HCV co-infected participants liver disease staging using MRI elastography. Pig-tailed macaque...
Abstract Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a leading cause of liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma. Approximately 10% people with HIV also have HBV are at higher risk disease progression than in monoinfection. Antivirals, common to HBV, suppress DNA levels but do not eradicate because the transcriptional template, covalently closed circular (cccDNA), long lived infected hepatocytes. Methods Using single-cell laser capture microdissection, we isolated >1100 hepatocytes from 5...
There is no cure for the more than 270 million people chronically infected with HBV. Nucleos(t)ide analogs (NUCs), mainstay of anti-HBV treatment, block HBV reverse transcription. NUCs do not eliminate intranuclear covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), from which viral RNAs, including pregenomic RNA (pgRNA), are transcribed. A key gap in designing a understanding how affect replication and transcription because serum markers yield an incomplete view intrahepatic We applied single-cell...