A5044309630- Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Hepatitis C virus research
- Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
- Remote Sensing in Agriculture
- Ultrasound Imaging and Elastography
- Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research
- Aerodynamics and Acoustics in Jet Flows
- Wind and Air Flow Studies
- Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics
- Gastrointestinal Bleeding Diagnosis and Treatment
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Gut microbiota and health
- Medical Image Segmentation Techniques
- Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- Escherichia coli research studies
- Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging
- Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
- Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Biochemical and Structural Characterization
- Ultrasound and Hyperthermia Applications
- MRI in cancer diagnosis
- Cell Adhesion Molecules Research
Abbott Fund
2022-2025
Brigham Young University
2022-2024
Harvard University
1999-2023
Brigham and Women's Hospital
1999-2023
U.S. Salinity Laboratory
2023
Institut Pasteur
2016-2023
Université Paris Cité
2023
Inserm
2016-2020
Sandwell & West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust
2012-2019
National University of the Littoral
2019
Objective This study was undertaken to investigate the gut microbiome in progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) and how it relates clinical disease. Methods We sequenced microbiota from healthy controls relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS) patients correlated levels of bacteria with features disease, including Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), quality life, brain magnetic resonance imaging lesions/atrophy. colonized mice MS‐derived Akkermansia induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis...
Previous preclinical research has shown that extracorporeal devices can be used to enhance the delivery and distribution of systemically administered anticancer drugs, resulting in increased intratumoural concentrations. We aimed assess safety feasibility targeted release enhanced doxorubicin solid tumours from thermosensitive liposomes triggered by mild hyperthermia, induced non-invasively focused ultrasound.We did an open-label, single-centre, phase 1 trial a single UK hospital. Adult...
To segment brain tissues in magnetic resonance images of the brain, authors have implemented a stochastic relaxation method which utilizes partial volume analysis for every voxel, and operates on fully three-dimensional (3-D) data. However, there are still problems with automatically or semi-automatically segmenting thick (MR) slices, particularly when trying to small lesions present MR multiple sclerosis patients. improve lesion segmentation extended their by both pre- post-processing...
Purpose To demonstrate the feasibility and safety of using focused ultrasound planning models to determine treatment parameters needed deliver volumetric mild hyperthermia for targeted drug delivery without real-time thermometry. Materials Methods This study was part Targeted Doxorubicin, or TARDOX, phase I prospective trial ultrasound–mediated, hyperthermia-triggered solid liver tumors (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02181075). Ten participants (age range, 49–68 years; average age, 60...
To investigate the relationship between white matter abnormalities and impairment of gait balance in older persons.Quantitative MRI was used to evaluate brain tissue compartments 28 individuals separated into normal impaired groups on basis mobility performance testing using Short Physical Performance Battery. In addition, were tested six indices balance. For imaging data, segmentation intracranial volume four classes performed template-driven segmentation, which signal-intensity-based...
Staphylococcus aureus encodes the Sec-independent Ess secretion pathway, an ortholog of mycobacterial T7 systems which is required for virulence this Gram-positive microbe. The (ESX secretion) pathway was previously defined as a genomic cluster eight genes, esxA, esaA, essA, essB, esaB, essC, esaC, and esxB. essABC encode membrane proteins involved in stable expression esxB, genes specifying three secreted polypeptide substrates. small cytoplasmic protein, represses synthesis EsaC but not...
Summary S taphylococcus aureus encodes the specialized ESAT ‐6 ecretion ystem ( ESS ). EsxA and EsxB are secreted by pathway, share sequence features of CFP ‐10 T ype VII 7 SS ) M ycobacterium tuberculosis . Unlike ‐10, do not interact. Instead, associates with a novel substrate, EsxD , dimerizes itself or EsxC EsaC obvious WXG 100 proteins nor PE / PPE Esp families proteins, all which belong to pfam EsxAB clan mycobacterial carries C ‐terminal motif YxxxD E that has been proposed target...
Specialized secretion systems of bacteria evolved for selective advantage, either killing microbial competitors or implementing effector functions during parasitism. Earlier work characterized the ESAT-6 system (ESS) Staphylococcus aureus and demonstrated its contribution to persistent staphylococcal infection vertebrate hosts. Here, we identify a novel secreted ESS pathway, EssD, that as nuclease cleaves DNA but not RNA. EssI, protein DUF600 family, binds EssD block activity in cytoplasm....
The rate of disability accumulation varies across multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Machine learning techniques may offer more powerful means to predict disease course in MS In our study, 724 patients from the Comprehensive Longitudinal Investigation at Brigham and Women's Hospital (CLIMB study) 400 EPIC dataset, University California, San Francisco, were included analysis. primary outcome was an increase Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) ≥ 1.5 (worsening) or not (non-worsening) up 5...
The reproducibility of an automated method for estimating the volume white matter abnormalities on brain magnetic resonance (MR) images multiple sclerosis (MS) patients was evaluated. Twenty MS underwent MR imaging twice within 30 minutes. Measurement variability is introduced mainly by MRI acquisition and image registration procedures, which demonstrate significantly worse than segmentation. correction partial artifacts essential sensitive measurements overall lesion burden. average...
OBJECTIVE: Previous research has noted functional and structural temporal lobe abnormalities in schizophrenia that relate to symptoms such as auditory hallucinations thought disorder. The goal of the study was determine whether are present at early stages processing. METHOD: Functional magnetic resonance imaging activity examined during presentation mismatch stimuli, which deviant tones embedded a series standard tones. stimuli used elicit negativity, an event-related potential. Ten patients...
The cornerstone of functional cure for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is surface antigen (HBsAg) loss from blood. HBsAg encoded by covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) and HBV integrated into the host genome (iDNA). Nucleos(t)ide analogues (NUCs), mainstay CHB treatment, rarely lead to loss, which we hypothesized was due continued iDNA transcription despite decreased cccDNA transcription. To test this, applied a novel multiplex droplet digital PCR that identifies dominant source mRNAs 3436...
Staphylococcus aureus, an invasive pathogen of humans and animals, requires a specialized ESS pathway to secrete proteins (EsxA, EsxB, EsxC, EsxD) during infection. Expression ess genes is required for S. aureus establishment persistent abscess lesions following bloodstream infection; however, the mechanisms whereby effectors implement their virulence strategies were heretofore not known. Here, we show that EssE forms complex with other members secretion its substrates, promoting EsxA, EsxD,...
Objective The objective of this study was to identify predictors in common between different clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) outcomes multiple sclerosis (MS) by comparing predictive models. Methods We analyzed 704 patients from our center seen at MS onset, measuring 37 baseline demographic, clinical, treatment, MRI predictors, 10‐year outcomes. Our primary aim identifying among outcomes: aggressive MS, benign secondary‐progressive (SP)MS. also investigated T2 lesion volume...
ABSTRACT The ESAT6-like secretion system (ESS) of Staphylococcus aureus promotes effector protein transport across the bacterial envelope. Genes in ESS cluster are required for S. establishment persistent abscess lesions and modulation immune responses during bloodstream infections. However, biochemical functions most gene products, specifically identity machine components, unknown. Earlier work demonstrated that deletion essB , which encodes a membrane protein, abolishes secretion....
Enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVSs) have been associated with relapses and brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis (MS). We investigated the association of EPVS clinical MRI features disease worsening a well-characterized cohort relapsing-remitting MS patients prospectively followed for up to 10 years.Baseline EPVSs were scored on 1.5T 30 converters moderate-severe disability, nonconverters matched baseline characteristics.EPVS scores not significantly different between nonconverters, nor...
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain provides important outcome measures in longitudinal evaluation disease activity and progression MS subjects. Two common derived from MRI scans are parenchymal fraction (BPF) T2 hyperintense lesion volume (T2LV), these routinely assessed longitudinally clinical trials observational studies. When measuring each longitudinally, observed changes may be potentially confounded by variability acquisition parameters between scans. In order to accurately...
Objective. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that statin therapy confers benefit on microvasculature, including improving endothelial function, in patients with SSc.